Repeatability tests

Fluorescein reaction. Repeat Test i, using however resorcinol instead of phenol. A reddish solution having an intense green fluorescence is produced. 

Isocyanide reaction. Repeat Test i for chloroform (above) using 0 5 g. of iodoform instead of i ml. of chloroform the foul odour of isocyanide is produced as before. 

I. Isocyanide reaction. Repeat Test i for chloroform using i ml. of carbon tetrachloride in place of the chloroform. The odour of isocyanide can be detected only after heating gently for several minutes. 

The reason for the ultramicrochemical test was to establish whether the bismuth phosphate would carry the plutonium at the concentrations that would exist at the Hanford extraction plant. This test was necessary because it did not seem logical that tripositive bismuth should be so efficient in carrying tetrapositive plutonium. In subsequent months there was much skepticism on this point and the ultramicrochemists were forced to make repeated tests to prove this point. Thompson soon showed that Pu(Vl) was not carried by bismuth phosphate, thus establishing that an oxidation-reduction cycle would be feasible. All the various parts of the bismuth-phosphate oxidation-reduction procedure, bulk reduction via cross-over to a rare earth fluoride oxidation-reduction step and final isolation by precipitation of plutonium (IV) peroxide were tested at the Hanford concentrations of... 

The Production Department was not amused, because lower values had been expected. Quality Control was blamed for using an insensitive, unse-lective, and imprecise test, and thereby unnecessarily frightening top management. This outcome had been anticipated, and a better method, namely polarography, was already being set up. The same samples were run, this time in duplicate, with much the same results. A relative confidence interval of 25% was assumed. Because of increased specificity, there were now less doubts as to the amounts of this particular heavy metal that were actually present. To rule out artifacts, the four samples were sent to outside laboratories to do repeat tests with different methods X-ray fluorescence (XRFi °) and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP). The confidence limits were determined to be 10% resp. 3%. Figure 4.23 summarizes the results. Because each method has its own specificity pattern, and is subject to intrinsic artifacts, a direct statistical comparison cannot be performed without first correcting the apparent concentrations in order to obtain presumably true... 

X) duplicate measurements in same 0.2% class, single results in (U) Content Uniformity or (R) lOx Repeatability test ( ) out-of-specification measasurement,... 

The first and second portion data were subjected to a repeatability test using the average values from three wells. 

Note In the absence of unequivocal hyperglycemia, these criteria should be confirmed by repeat testing on a different day. The oral glucose tolerance test is not recommended for routine clinical use. 

In most instances, C. difficile toxin testing of a single stool specimen effectively establishes the diagnosis. Various ELISA kits are available to detect toxin A or toxin B or both. Those that detect both toxin A and B are preferred. Repeated testing can boost sensitivity. 

The solutions containing larvae were poured into porcelain dishes and living and dead larvae were counted. Tests were run in duplicate—i.e., two tubes containing 10 larvae each. If any dead larvae were found in a check, the tests were repeated. Tests were made at foul or more concentrations. Each series of tests was repeated on a different day. 

The processes of evolution have been remarkably successful in creating animals that are well adapted to their environment. By continually adjusting the population through genetic mutation, evolutionary change works toward the perfect individual to fill a particular environmental niche. Not every new individual is well suited to its environment, of course, and the fitness of new individuals is repeatedly tested as the animals try to survive, prosper, and reproduce. 

The product is essentially pure. l,4-Disubstituted-5-amino-l,2,3-triazoles are readily isomerized 4 accordingly, care must be exercised in the recrystallization of such products from solvents. It has been found by experiment that the best practice, in order to avoid isomerization, is to heat the benzene to boiling before addition of the product for recrystallization. Repeated tests have shown that a single careless recrystallization of the product from benzene can increase the content of acidic isomer by as much as 4%. Polar solvents must be avoided. 

Niacin requires baseline tests of liver function (alanine aminotransferase), uric acid, and glucose. Repeat tests are appropriate at doses of 1,000 to 1,500 mg/day. Symptoms of myopathy or diabetes should be investigated and may require creatine kinase or glucose determinations. Patients with diabetes may require more frequent monitoring. 

Bone mineral density should be measured in women older than 65 years and in women younger than 65 years with risk factors for osteoporosis. Repeat testing should be done as clinically indicated. 

Three repeated tests, pressure control not activated, process data as in the two left columns in Table 1.10. 2, process data as in Table 1.10, pressure control activated at 0.36 mbar 3, process data as in Table 1.10, pressure control activated at 0.21 mbar. 

Fig. 6.12 Chromatogram repeatability test (a) separation between toluene and decane (b) separation between decane and DMMP and (c) separation between decane and dodecane. The insets in parts (a) and (b) are the chromatogram for each individual gas component. Variation in peak height is due to the variations in SPME sampling time. Curves are sifted vertically for clarity. Reprinted from Ref. 27 with permission. 2008 American Chemical Society...

Procedures 1 to4describedinSections7.2.1 through 7.2.4 are applied in this example for determination of wastewater COD fractions, model parameters and a corresponding calibration/validation of the sewer process model under aerobic and dry-weather conditions. The number of repeated tests — a total of 29 during different seasons — demonstrates not just the validity of the sewer process model depicted in Table 5.3 but also the validity of the concept behind the model formulated in Section 5.2. 

The above test provides a basis for evaluating a seal material s capability at the desired operating temperature. However, in realistic stack conditions, a seal material is under a shear stress. A double tube arrangement can be used to study the seal behavior. A disc can be sealed on both sides, and both tube enclosures can be pressurized to the same level. Such condition will eliminate the flexing of the membrane causing the seal to delaminate at a fairly low pressure when tested above Tg. In fact, a repeat test of the above seal with a double-tube arrangement showed that the seal could withstand 20 psi pressure before a small leak developed. 

A complete assay requires the test material to be investigated at a minimum of three doses together with a positive (untreated) and solvent-only control can be omitted if tissue culture medium is used as a solvent. When two fixation times are used in repeat tests, the positive control is necessary at only one time but the negative or solvent control is necessary at both times. 

There is not a consensus about the procedures to use to test for effects on learning and memory. The two most commonly used techniques are the water-filled maze, which is preferred for measuring learning, and passive avoidance, which is preferred for measuring memory (see Buelke-Sam et al., 1985). Retention is tested in a repeat test conducted approximately 1 week later. 

The glucose values are worthy of attention because of the large number of determinations that have been made in many laboratories. There is evidence of substantial intra-individual variation in glucose values which is in part responsible for the range of the observed values.33,34 In spite of this normal variance in values in the same individual, however, there is evidence that inter-individual differences exist among well people. Some, on repeated tests, tend to have low values, some intermediate, and some high. 

The copper content of human sperm in 10 individuals was found to vary from 6 ig. to 24 ig. per cent.55 The DNA content of spermatozoa was found to vary from 1.18 to 1.30 arbitrary units in 13 males of proven fertility, but among males of suspected infertility 6 individuals out of 18 exhibited values lower than 1 (0.76 to 0.98). Repeated tests on the fertile individuals gave closely concordant values.76 "Normality" with respect to fertility and spermatozoa composition is obviously something that cannot be established by any routine examination. 

It should be noted that our direct knowledge, based on experiments, about innate inter-individual human differences in response to alcohol is relatively meager. Such data must be collected as a result of repeated tests on the same individuals, and this is not often done. A study of the "normal" response to alcohol may be relatively fruitless if, as we suspect, innate human differences are basic to all the health problems which exist in connection with alcohol consumption. 

Studies of the plasma levels of phenylindanedione after injection of 400 mg. in 10 individuals showed that after 8 hours the plasma concentrations varied from 6 to 29 mg. per liter.40 The time necessary for the levels to reach 5 mg. per liter ranged from 9 to 33 hours. Repeated tests on the same individual showed his levels behaved in the same manner each time. 

The movement of cutaneous interstitial fluids varies from a 3- to 4-fold range in normal individuals as determined by injecting riboflavin intradermally and recording the time required for one-half its fluorescence to disappear.31 When repeated tests were made on three individuals it was found that one gave relatively highly variable results. (S. D. 48.4), and the others gave relatively constant results (S.D. 9.5 and 5.8). 

One of the interesting observations which may be made in connection with taste-testing is that some individuals appear to have higher stable taste thresholds and others show much greater variability when repeated tests are made. Sufficient studies have not been carried out to ascertain how general or how striking these differences in variability are. 

Eor pump repeatability test details and calculations, refer to the procedure described earlier under Pump in section (j) of the OQ guidelines. 

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