Rejection zone

We have to formulate decision rules in such a way that we define acceptance zones (where the product is declared comphant) and rejection zones (where the product is declared non-comphant). 

If the measurement lies in the rejection zone the product is declared non-compliant... 

To define the above mentioned acceptance and rejection zones we need a specification and a decision rale. 

The iimit(s) ofthe acceptance or rejection zone (i.e. the range of results), derived from the decision rule, which leads to acceptance or rejection when the measurement result is within the appropriate zone... 

Acceptance and Rejection Zones for Simultaneous Upper and Lower Limits... 

If the classifier is applied to unknown patterns, the dead zone from the training can be used as a rejection zone Patterns which give a scalar product between -t and +t are not classified- Chemical applications showed that the predictive ability for the remaining patterns outside the rejection zone is increased by this method C3203- The distance to the decision plane may be used as a measure of confidence for classifiers with a continuous response (Chapter 2.6.1.). 

Fig. 3 Accelerated in vivo ESC test. At the top is a tubing specimen stretched over a 0.5-inch-long dumbbell mandrel, with the strain fixed at each end by polyester ligatures. Samples are tied together in strings, identified with a colored glass bead, and implanted in the subcutis of rabbits as shown above. After explant, observations made in the accept zone are accepted. Observations in the reject zone, where the strain is uncontrolled, are rejected. A coating of medical adhesive in heptane can be applied to the ends of the samples to cover the knots, etc., isolating the tissue exposure to the center portion of the specimens where the strain is ideally controlled. Samples may then be analyzed by FUR, HPLC molecular weight, SEM, and other suitable techniques...

Purification of anthracene. Dissolve 0-3 g. of crude anthracene (usually yellowish in colour) in 160-200 ml. of hexane, and pass the solution through a column of activated alumina (1 5-2 X 8-10 cm.). Develop the chromatogram with 100 ml. of hexane. Examine the column in the hght of an ultra-violet lamp. A narrow, deep blue fluorescent zone (due to carbazole, m.p. 238°) will be seen near the top of the column. Immediately below this there is a yellow, non-fluorescent zone, due to naphthacene (m.p. 337°). The anthracene forms a broad, blue-violet fluorescent zone in the lower part of the column. Continue the development with hexane until fluorescent material commences to pass into the filtrate. Reject the first runnings which contain soluble impurities and yield a paraffin-hke substance upon evaporation. Now elute the column with hexane-benzene (1 1) until the yellow zone reaches the bottom region of the column. Upon concentration of the filtrate, pure anthracene, m.p. 215-216°, which is fluorescent in dayhght, is obtained. The experiment may be repeated several times in order to obtain a moderate quantity of material. 

The KEN-FLOTE column (11) is one of several column flotation processes based on a countercurrent principle. The feed slurry containing reagents is iatroduced iato the column just below the froth zone. Air is iujected at the bottom of the column via an air sparger. Wash water is sprayed within the froth zone to reject the entrained impurities from the froth. Test results on this column iadicate that a 6% ash product coal having a combustible-recovery of 75—80% can be obtained. A 70—80% pyrite reduction is also claimed. Figure 2 shows the operation of such a column. 

The next stage in the zone-refining process is to move the furnace slowly and steadily to the right. The left-hand end of the bar will then cool and refreeze but with the equilibrium composition /cCq (Fig. 4.4c). As the furnace continues to move to the right the freezing solid, because it contains much less impurity than the liquid, rejects the surplus impurity into the liquid zone. This has the effect of inereasing the impurity concentration in the zone, which in turn then increases the impurity concentration in the next layer of freshly frozen solid, and so on (Fig. 4.4d). Eventually the concentrations ramp themselves up to the situation shown in Fig. 4.4(e). Flere, the solid ahead of the zone has exactly the same composition as the newly frozen solid behind the zone. This means that we have a steady state where as much impurity is removed from the... 

The trajectory followed by water in a filter mass it is not linear. Water is forced to follow the outlines of the grains that delineate the interstices. These changes in direction are also imposed on particles in suspension being transported by the water. This effect leads to the evacuation of particles in the dead flow zones. Centrifugal action is obtained by inertial force during flow, so the particles with the highest volumetric mass are rejected preferentially. 

When a crystal freezes from the melt, it tends to reject impurities. If zone - refining is applied to such a crystal, the resulting single crystal can be purer than the originaL If we make more than one pass, we can approach a high degree of purity. Such a procedure is called "zone- refining". 

When a melt-zone is moved through a long crystal, an impurity concentration builds up in the melt zone due to rejection by the crystal as it resolidifies. We can also say that the distribution coefficient favors a purification process, i.e.- k 1. Another reason (at least where metals are concerned) is that a solid-solution between impurity and host ions exists. It has been observed that the following situation, as shown in the following diagram, occurs ... 

Muscles (heart, etc.) Stomach/intestine Liver Kidney (bowel) Reproductive organs Glands Brain (Chapter 9) Sense organs Digestion, fluid circulation, motion, mechanical work Major zones of digestion Major zone of synthesis Major external rejection ion/water balance Reproduction Chemical controls Electrical control Environmental detectors... 

It was decided that natural attenuation with long-term monitoring was appropriate for the site based on the low risk the affected soil presented. An explanation of significant differences (ESD) was prepared by the regulators to revise the remedy selected in the ROD. In the ESD, active remediation of the upper and lower smear zone was rejected by the regulators for several reasons ... 

Anyway, due to the limited precision of the EDP - intensity measurement, especially for the (100) reflection, which is too close to the central beam - this argument is not very strong and cannot reject the 1/3 substitution at all. To confirm the hypotheses of the proposed 2/3 substitution HREM observation in [001] and [021] zones were performed in parallel with multislice calculations, based on the 2/3 substitution. These projections are used because the fourfold modulation due to the Mo atoms is well expressed in them. The observed images are enhanced by a Fourier filter with Bragg mask to eliminate the noise frequencies. 

IV Buffer Maintains reject or Raffinate non-normals hydrocarbons from entering Zone 111 and contaminating the Extract product (normal paraffins)... 

Relationship Between Nodular and Rejecting Layers. Nodular formation was conceived by Maler and Scheuerman (14) and was shown to exist in the skin structure of anisotropic cellulose acetate membranes by Schultz and Asunmaa ( ), who ion etched the skin to discover an assembly of close-packed, 188 A in diameter spheres. Resting (15) has identified this kind of micellar structure in dry cellulose ester reverse osmosis membranes, and Panar, et al. (16) has identified their existence in the polyamide derivatives. Our work has shown that nodules exist in most polymeric membranes cast into a nonsolvent bath, where gelation at the interface is caused by initial depletion of solvent, as shown in Case B, which follows restricted Inward contraction of the interfacial zone. This leads to a dispersed phase of micelles within a continuous phase (designated as "polymer-poor phase") composed of a mixture of solvents, coagulant, and a dissolved fraction of the polymer. The formation of such a skin is delineated in the scheme shown in Figure 11. 

The reactions produced a membrane having three distinct zones of increasing porosity 1) the mlcroporous polysulfone support film, 2) a thin, crosslinked polyethylenlmine zone of Intermediate porosity and moderate salt rejection, and 3) the dense polyamide (or polyurea) surface skin which acted as the high retention barrier. ... 

If we use the decision rule from the example (slide 57) the acceptance zone increases the upper limit. That means that we have a high confidence of correct rejection. If we transform this to the sale of a commercial product, the purchaser takes the risk of a wrong decision. 

---