Static electricity control

Chemical treatments commonly appHed to cormgated paperboard packaging materials include additives that impart various degrees of water resistance, humidity resistance, oil and grease resistance, product abrasion resistance, product corrosion resistance, adhesion release properties, flame-retardant properties, nonskid properties, and static electricity control properties to the finished package (1,2). 

Static electricity controls—bonding and grounding, relaxation, and increasing process stream conductivity with additives.f ... 

Statexan ITA Static control agents Static decay Static decay times Static dissipation Static drying Static electricity Static eliminating devices Static mixers Static phenomena... 

Control of relative humidity is needed to maintain the strength, pHabiUty, and moisture regain of hygroscopic materials such as textiles and paper. Humidity control may also be required in some appHcations to reduce the effect of static electricity. Temperature and/or relative humidity may also have to be controlled in order to regulate the rate of chemical or biochemical reactions, such as the drying of varnishes, the appHcation of sugar coatings, the preparation of synthetic fibers and other chemical compounds, or the fermentation of yeast. 

Humidification. Adding moisture to air has long been used to control static and to help dissipate static electricity in textile mills (see A IR conditioning). Moisture does not improve the electrical conductivity of the air, but it increases the electrical conductivity of materials absorbing moisture. 

Flammable liquids are considered particularly static-prone if their elec trical conductivity is within the range of 0.1 to 10 pS/m. If no particulates or immiscible liquid are present, these prodlic ts are considered safe when their conductivity has been raised to 50 pS/m or higher. Blending operations or other two-phase mixing may cause such a high rate of charging that a conductivity of at least 1000 pS/m is needed for safe charge dissipation (British Standard 5958, part 1, Control of Undesirable Static Electricity, para. 8, 1991). 

Static electricity Inert milling system generation both, Control/interlock with oxygen concentration in mill and con- monitoring veying equipment bond all electrically conductive components Use conductive materials of construction CCPS G-12 CCPS G-23 CCPS G-29 CCPS G-32 ISAS84.01 NFPA 654... 

Control humidity of air in operating area to reduce accumulation of static electricity... 

BS 5958. Code of Practice for Control of Undesirable Static Electricity. BSI, U.K. 

The purpose of this book is to assist the user in controlling the hazards associated with the generation, accumulation, and discharge of static electricity by presenting... 

Other areas such as static electricity and its use and control were not discussed since they represent a different type of application (2). As new materials became available and the electrical art continued to develop, the uses for plastics in electrical applications has increase both in the basic application as a dielectric and in special applications using the special intrinsic properties of the plastics. 

Code of practice for the control of undesirable static electricity. 

The nonelectric firing system is simple and requires a minimum of equipment. Once initiated, however, it passes from the control of the operator. The electric system can be retained in the control of the operator up to the actual firing. Electric caps also are more waterproof. On the other hand,-the electric system is more complicated, employs more equipment, and may require the operator to remain near the scene at the time of firing. In addition, electric systems can be accidentally activated by static electricity and are hazardous to use in some target situations. 

British Standards Institute, Control of undesirable static electricity, British Standard 5958, parts 1 and 2, London (UK) (1991)... 

G. Luttgens and M. Glor, Understanding and Controlling Static Electricity (Goethestrasse, Germany Expert Verlag, 1989). 

Generally static electricity can be overcome or controlled by several basic approaches - bonding, grounding, and controlled generation. 

The only significant difficulty in processing occured at carding where static electricity caused the web to behave erratically. The static was controlled by carding the cotton with a static bar in place under the web just as it exited the crush rolls. Processing and yarn quality results for the 3 cottons made into 19.7 mg/m yarns at 13000 rpm spindle speed are shown in Table X. Spinning quality results for the Mississippi and California cottons that were made into 14.8 mg/m yarn are shown in Table XI. 

Control of static electricity and stray electrical currents 4.3.1. Electrical Area Classification... 

Static electricity discharges and unexpected electrical currents are frequently overlooked as potential sources of ignition that must be controlled. Some of the conditions that may result in sufficiently intense electrical discharges or arcing are ... 

---