Regeneration Spleen

Metcalf D 1964 Restricted growth capacity of multiple spleen grafts. Transplantation 2 387-392 Pohley H-J 1965 Regeneration and the moulting cycle in Ephestia kuhniella. In Kiortsis V, Trampusch HAL (eds) Regeneration in animals and related problems. North-Holland, Amsterdam, p 324—330... 

It is possible to produce a suspension of hepatic cells and implant the cells by injection. Cells implanted in the liver and even the spleen become viable. - The procedure is not without problems, however. The yield of viable cells is questionable. A critical element for effective regeneration is the availability of sites for cell growth. The implanted cells also need significant time for engraftment and proliferation (doubling time in mice = 28 hours). ... 

This technique reveals decreased uptake of the radioisotope with an irregular pattern. Regeneration nodes cannot be visualized. There is enhanced storage in the spleen and bone marrow, (s. fig. 9.1)... 

Shan, Y.S., Hsieh, Y.H., Sy, E.D., Chiu, N.T., Lin, P.W. The influence of spleen size on hver regeneration after major hepatectomy in normal and early cirrhotic hver. Liver Internal. 2005 25 96-100... 

Iron is used to regenerate hemoglobin. Iron is absorbed in the intestine and enters plasma as heme. Iron is stored as ferritin in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Five to twenty milligrams of iron are required daily. Iron deficiency causes anemia. Iron is found in liver, lean meats, egg yolks, dried beans, green vegetables (i.e., spinach), and fruit. Women who are pregnant should increase their iron intake as specified by the healthcare provider. Large doses of iron are prescribed in the second and third trimesters. The patient must adhere to the... 

At least two human deaths following inhalation of NDMA have been reported in the literature. One was a male chemist who was involved in the production of NDMA and was exposed to an unknown level of fumes for about two weeks, and subsequently to an unknown level of fumes during cleanup of e spilled flask (Freund 1937). The subject became ill 6 days later, showed abdominal distention, large amounts of yellow ascitic fluid, a tender and enlarged liver and enlarged spleen, and died 6 weeks after the last exposure. The other death was that of a male worker who was exposed to unknown concentrations of NDMA in an automobile factory. Autopsy of this subject showed a cirrhotic liver with areas of regeneration (Hamilton and Hardy 1974). 

In the animals examined on the tenth day, granulocytopoiesis, erythro-poiesis, and lymphopoiesis appear to be correlated. Follicular regeneration of Ij mphoid tissue, both in the nodes and spleen, was present only in animals with maximum marrow regeneration, which also showed the most extensiv e splenic erythropoiesis. Little or no erythropoiesis was seen in the spleen in rats ivith minimal marrow recovery. 

After PSE, the spleen retains its ability to regenerate. KuMPEetal. [120] found substantial regeneration of splenic tissue in 9 of 11 patients despite 70%-80% embolization, as visualized on Tm-99m sulfur colloid liver-spleen scans performed 4 to 16 months later. In contrast, Watanabe et al. [128] reported that PSE of 80% or more resulted in initial increases in spleen size followed by substantial and stable reductions by 4 months. Despite these conflicting results, a repeat PSE procedure can be performed with similar effectiveness should symptoms recur [98]. 

Although red blood cells (erythrocytes) play only a minimal role in wound healing and blood-biomaterial interactions, the contact of red blood cells with the material can lead to hemolysis. Hemolysis is the breakage of the erythrocyte s membrane with the release of intracellular hemoglobin. Normally, red blood cells live for 110-120 days. After that, they naturally break down and are removed from the circulation by the spleen. Some diseases and medical devices cause red blood cells to break too soon requiring the bone marrow to accelerate the regeneration of red blood cells (erythropoesis). Medical devices for hemodialysis, heart-lung-bypass machines or mechanical heart valves induce more hemolysis than smaller implants like stents or catheters [201]. 

Studies of interaction between thymus and spleen have involved both direct combinations and trans-filter analysis. While histological manifestations of such interaction has been limited (Auerbach, 1964a Globerson, 1966), a functional expression of that interaction has been shown for both embryonic (Auerbach, 1966) and regenerating (Glob-... 

Interaction between bone marrow and spleen has been demonstrated for both embryonic and regenerating systems (Auerbach, 1965 Globerson, 1966). In the presence of bone marrow, both embryonic spleen and lethally irradiated spleen explants were found to develop lymphoid architecture. Since trans-filter experiments have not yet been performed, the precise nature of this interactive system has not been determined. Work on lymph nodes, bursa of Fabricius, and appendix has not progressed to a point where the nature of inductive interaction has been characterized sufficiently to warrant discussion. On the other hand, a number of interrelationships have been demonstrated in vivo. 

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