Reformer microchannel steam

J. M., Progress on the development of a microchannel steam reformer for automotive applications, in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Microreaction Technology, IMRET 6 (11-14 March 2002), AIChE Pub. 

Whyatt, G. A., C. M. Fischer, and J. M. Davis. Progress on the Development of a MicroChannel Steam Reformer for Automotive Applications, IMRET 6 - 6 International Conference on Microreaction Technology, AIChE, New Orleans, March 10-14, 2002. 

Figure 23.8 InnovaGen fuel processor including microchannel steam reformer, fuel injector and burner [37],...

Methanol is an attractive fuel for low-power applications, because the reaction temperature required for steam reforming is limited to values below 300—400 °C, which in turn minimizes heat losses from a small-scale system. Hence numerous research groups working on microchannel steam reforming are focusing on methanol as fuel. The carbon monoxide content present in reformate produced by methanol steam reforming is the lowest of all fuels compared at the same molar steam-to-carbon (S/C) ratio. Assuming an S/C ratio of >2 and a reaction temperature of 300 °C, not more than 1.2% of CO will be present in the feed [13]. This is related to the water gas shift (WGS) equilibrium and reduces the workload of the subsequent gas-purification steps. 

FigureS.IO Comparison oftemperature profiles along the reactor length axis as calculated for a microchannel steam reformer with integrated catalytic burner for isooctane combustion (case A) and a microchannel steam reformer supplied with energy from hot combustion gases fed into heating channels (case B) [383] S/C ratio was 3.0 in both cases the air excess was 20% in case A and 94% in case B.

A second generation system, as shown in Figure 5.61. It was composed of a microchannel oxidative steam reformer, which was supplied with water by a humidifier. The humidifier utilised cathode off-gas for humidification. Steam reforming was performed at a S/C ratio of 1.6 and O/C ratio 0.2. The microchannel steam reformer was coupled to an integrated catalytic burner The burner was... 

In this study, we developed microchannel PrOx reactor to control CO outlet concentrations less than 10 ppm from methanol steam reformer for PEMFC applications. The reactor was developed based on our previous studies on methanol steam reformer [5] and the basic technologies on microchaimel reactor including design of microchaimel plate, fabrication process and catalyst coating method were applied to the present PrOx reactor. The fabricated PrOx reactor was tested and evaluated on its CO removal performance. 

P., Detailed characterization of various porous alumina based catalyst coatings within microchannels and their testingfor methanol steam reforming, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., special issue on Chemical Reaction Engineering (2003) submitted for publication. 

Whyatt, G. A., TeGrotenhuis, W. E., Wegeng, R. S., Pederson, L. R., Demonstration of energy efficient steam reforming in microchannels for automotive fuel processing, in Matlosz, M., Ehrfeld, W., Baselt, J. P. (Eds.), Microreaction Technology - IMRET 5 ... 

Men Y, Gnaser H, Zapf R, Hessel V, Ziegler C, and Kolb G. Steam reforming of methanol over Cu/Ce02/gamma-Al203 catalysts in a microchannel reactor. App Catal A Gen 2004 277(l-2) 83-90. 

Cao, C., Wang, Y., and Rozmiarek, R.T. Heterogeneous reactor model for steam reforming of methane in a microchannel reactor with microstructured catalysts. Catalysis Today, 2005,110 (1—2), 92. 

Tonkovich, A.Y., Perry, S., Wang, Y., Qiu, D., LaPlante, T., and Rogers, W.A. MicroChannel process technology for compact methane steam reforming. Chemical Engineering Science, 2004, 59 (22-23), 4819. 

Pfeifer, P., Kolbl, A., and Schubert, K. Kinetic investigations on methanol steam reforming on PdZn catalysts in microchannel reactors and model transfer into the pressure gap region. Catalysis Today, 2005, 110 (1-2), 76. 

An alternative to filling or coating with a catalyst layer the microcharmels, with the related problems of avoiding maldistribution, which leads to a broad residence time distribution (RTD), is to create the microchannels between the void space left from a close packing of parallel filaments or wires. This novel MSR concept has been applied for the oxidative steam reforming of methanol [173]. Thin linear metallic wires, with diameters in the millimeter range, were close packed and introduced into a macro tubular reactor. The catalyst layer was grown on the external surface of these wires by thermal treatment. 

The dependence of the molecular diffusion coefficient on the temperature and the total pressure can also be used to unravel the influence of external mass transfer. However, the temperature influences both the diffusivity and the intrinsic kinetics, whereas a variation of the total pressure at constant partial pressures of the reactants affects only the diffusivity. Kolbl et al. [93] applied this method in their investigation of steam reforming in microchannel reactors. 

P. Pfeifer, K. Schubert, G. Emig, Preparation of copper catalyst washcoats for methanol steam reforming in microchannels based on nanoparticles, Appl. Catal. A Gen. 286 (2005) 175. 

A.L.Y. Tonkovich, B. Yang, S.T. Perry, S.P. Fitzgerald, Y. Wang, From seconds to milliseconds to microseconds through tailored microchannel reactor design of a steam methane reformer, Catal. Today 120 (2007) 21. 

Achieve high efficiency through integration of steam reforming, water gas shift, and preferential oxidation reactors with microchannel recuperative heat exchangers, fuel and water vaporizers, condensers, and separators. 

Power densities in excess of FreedomCAR targets, fuel flexibility, greater than 1000-hour reactor and catalyst life, and less than 5 second transient response have been demonstrated in a microchannel-based steam reformer. Future development activities will focus on rapid startup and improving specific power. 

Llorca et developed a micro-channel reactor where ethanol steam reforming is performed on one side of the plate while ethanol combustion is performed on the with 14 microchannels. The results revealed that Rh-based catalysts exhibited the highest catalytic activity, when compared to Co and Ni. The Rh-Ni-Ce catalyst was operated for 100 h without any noticeable degradation in activity and selectivity. Full conversion was achieved for the entire period and the Hg selectivity was 86%. The CO content in reformate remained constant ca. 8.2%. 

Llorca et developed a microchannel reactor where ethanol steam reforming is performed on one side of the plate while ethanol... 

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