Heat exchange reformer

Figure 23. Methanol—steam reformers, heat exchangers, combustor, and selective oxidation reactors the body materiai was stainless steel. ...

Integrated Steam Reformer/Heat Exchanger for Isooctane... 

Heat exchange autothermal reforming, with a process gas heated steam reformer (heat exchange reformer) and a separate secondary reformer, or in a combined autothermal reformer, using excess or enriched air (under-stoichiometric or stoichiometric H/N ratio)... 

Figure 5. Thermal histograms of reformer heat exchanges.

Motorola cooperated with Engelhard and the University of Michigan to develop a microstructured steam reformer in a project funded by the US Department of Commerce s Technology Administration [55]. The integrated fuel processor-fuel cell system consisted of an evaporator, a combustor, a reformer, heat exchangers, insulation layers and the fuel cell. Ceramic technology was used. The device had a maximum power output of 1W [56]. 

Figure 7.12 Steam reformer/heat-exchanger with catalytic burner and additional heat-exchanger as developed by Whyatt e o/. [517].

Petrochemical Heat Exchangers Reformer tubing Water and Gas supply piping Pipelines... 

Pkctro-Keforming The concept of using electricity to provide the endothermic heat of reforming has been proposed. Nuclear waste heat can be contained in high temperature helium gas which is brought into heat exchange with a natural gas feedstock (142). 

Gas-Heated Reforming. Gas-heated reforming is an extension of the combined reforming concept where the primary reformer is replaced by a heat-transfer device in which heat for the primary reforming reaction is recovered from the secondary reformer effluent. Various mechanical designs have been proposed which are variants of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger (12,13). 

We also give calculations of the performance of some of these various gas turbine plants. Comparison between such calculations is often difficult, even spot calculations at a single condition with state points specified in the cycle, because of the thermodynamic assumptions that have to be made (e.g. how closely conditions in a chemical reformer approach equilibrium). Performance calculations by different inventors/authors are also dependent upon assumed levels of component performance such as turbomachinery polytropic efficiency, required turbine cooling air flows and heat exchanger effectiveness if these are not identical in the cases compared then such comparisons of overall performance become invalid. However, we attempt to provide some performance calculations where appropriate in the rest of the chapter. 

The emerging gas, now containing only 0.25% CH4, is cooled in heat exchangers which generate high-pressure steam for use first in the turbine compressors and then as a reactant in the primary steam reformer. Next, the CO is converted to CO2 by the shift reaction which also produces more H2 ... 

Nature as model for micro-reactor development general advantages of micro flow onset of industrial interest micro heat exchanger vision of mefhanol-fuel reforming costs stiU too prohibitive [231],... 

Accordingly, serious commercially oriented attempts are currently being made to develop special gas-phase micro and mini reactors for reformer technology [91, 247-259], This is a complex task since the reaction step itself, hydrogen formation, covers several individual processes. Additionally, heat exchangers are required to optimize the energy balance and the use of liquid reactants demands micro evaporators [254, 260, 261], Moreover, further systems are required to reduce the CO content to a level that is no longer poisonous for a fuel cell. Overall, three to six micro-reactor components are typically needed to construct a complete, ready-to-use micro-reformer system. 

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