Combined reforming

Schematics of the reformer section of combined reforming of NG. 1 = Fired tubular reformer, 2 = furnace, and 3 = autothermal reformer. 

N2-H2 mixture (with small amounts of Ar and CH4) [33]. The amount of air added to the secondary reformer is adjusted to give the desirable H2/N2 ratio (which is close to 3 for the NH3 synthesis). The secondary reformer is similar to the autothermal reformer described in the previous section. The pressure at the outlet of the secondary reformer is in the range 2.5-3.5 MPa. The outlet temperatures from the primary and secondary reformers are 750-850°C and 950-1050°C, respectively. 

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Combined cycles Combined reforming Combing Comb polymers Combustion... 

Gas-Heated Reforming. Gas-heated reforming is an extension of the combined reforming concept where the primary reformer is replaced by a heat-transfer device in which heat for the primary reforming reaction is recovered from the secondary reformer effluent. Various mechanical designs have been proposed which are variants of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger (12,13). 

E. Supp and A. T. Weschler, "Conversion of Ammonia Plants to Methanol Production using Lurgi s Combined Reforming Technology", HTChE 1992 SpringMeeting, New Orleans. 

Figure 5-4. A block flow diagram showing the combined reforming for methanol synthesis. ...

Table 7.11. Input and output data for a GTL plant with combined reforming and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis ...

In the case of synthesis gasoline or diesel fuel from natural gas (GTL), synthesis gas is produced by a combination of steam reforming and partial oxidation processes (combined reforming) to achieve a H2 CO ratio of generally 2.1 1. This means that the overall process energy demand can be reduced to its minimum. The individual reactions are ... 

Methanol is produced from natural gas via combined reforming and downstream methanol synthesis. The technical data for the methanol plant have been derived from a methanol plant located in Tjeldbergodden in Norway (Larsen, 1998) (see Table 7.14). 

Steam Reforming Reaction) (Fuel Cell Reaction) (Combined Reforming and FC Reactions)... 

In the MTU flow sheet, preheated natural gas and reformer steam are supplied to the combined reformer/anode. See Figure 5.4. 

Sinfelt, J.H., inventor Exxon Research and Engineering Company, assignee. "Combination reforming process." U.S. Patent 3,791,961. 4 pages. 1974. 

Copper-based catalysts also display good performance in combined reforming. In a recent contribution using a Cu-ZnO catalyst, Agrell et a/.159 reported that at differential 02 conversions, water is produced by combustion of methanol. When oxygen conversion was complete, water production... 

The model evaluates the overall thermal efficiency of the power system, as shown in Figure 3. The system efficiency is the hydrogen stored and electric power supplied to the load, divided by the methane input to the reformer and the power consumed by the compressor. The system efficiency is highest when the reformer is producing hydrogen to be stored during the low-load periods. In contrast, the system efficiency drops when the combined reformer and fuel cell are working at capacity to supply the peak load. 

HSR and ATR can also be combined in several ways. This is indicated as Combined reforming in Figure 3. 

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