Redundant code

D A. Huffman, "A Method for the Construction of Minimum Redundancy Codes, Proc. Sept. 1952. <... 

Consult Table 18.2. The codon UUU translates to the amino acid phenylalanine. If a UUU sequence were to be mutated to UCU (the codon for serine), the protein produced would have a Ser residue in place of the Phe. Since UCU and UCC both code for Ser, a UCU UCC mutation would not lead to a change in the protein sequence. Thus, the advantage of a redundant code is that not all mutations cause disadvantageous changes in protein structure. 

No matter what the effect of the genetic operators may be, the evolving programs have a tendency to grow indefinitely unless limits are placed on their size. These limits exist to reduce the quantity of redundant code (known as junk), which otherwise quickly become excessive. 

Wherever possible, redundant code should be removed and the software recompiled. Care, however, must be taken to distinguish rarely used code from redundant code, and not to mistakenly classify the former as the latter Examples of rarely used code include... 

COTS software functionality disabled by configuration is not redimdant code in the truest sense, on the basis that the disabled software is intended to be enabled according to the need of a particular implementation. Examples of where functionality may be disabled without creating redundant code include hbrary software (e.g., printer driver routines or statistical functions), built-in testing software, and embedded diagnostic instructions. 

The outcome of the Source Code Review will be a report providing an overview of the review, together with a list of all observations noted and all actions that must be completed. Specific statements on software structure, programming practice, GMP-related functionality, information transfer with other portions of the system or other systems, error handling, redundant code, version control, and change control should be made before an overall conclusion on the suitability and maintainability of the software is drawn. A copy of annotated software listings should be retained with the report. 

A Design Review should be conducted before testing begins. This will normally involve developing a Requirements Traceability Matrix (RTM). If no detailed design information is available then cross-references should be made between the newly prepared System Specification, available operator manuals, and user procedures. Source Code Reviews will be expected for custom (bespoke) software under the control of the pharmaceutical or healthcare company, and redundant code identified should be removed. 

Identify any redundant code (and where appropriate recommend removal)... 

All four equations have been used to count and construct fullerenes within the respective symmetry classes, and the tetrahedral construction in particular was central to the identification of a counterexample to the ring-spiral conjecture. The Gold-berg/Coxeter construction is demonstrably complete, though as the symmetry is lowered the number of parameters needed to specify the net increases and the removal of redundant codes becomes more difficult Nets for several further groups have been devised and the coding of threefold cylinders has been worked out in Exeter. As most fullerenes have no symmetry at all, the method does not offer a practical solution for horizontal enumeration of all fullerenes at given n. 

Use of development tools (e.g., compilers, linkers, debuggers) Evidence of Source Code Reviews prior to formal testing (checking design, adherence to coding standards, logic, redundant code, critical algorithms) (see Sections 8.1.3, 8.2.1 and Appendix B) Independence and qualifications of reviewers... 

Recovery block scheme There are two types of recovery block scheme, namely, forward rollback (produces the correct result by repetitive and continuous processing—it is application dependent) and backward rollback (redundant information is recorded in the process of execution and rolls hack the interrupted process to the point where correct information is available, e.g., checkpoint, retry, etc.). See Fig. XI/1.1.5-2B and C. Dynamic approach In this approach, like the hardware dynamic approach, programs are partitioned into blocks and acceptance tests are executed after each block. If case of failure of an acceptance test, a redundant code block is executed. 

There are seven layers in the OSI model, starting with the physical layer handling the raw data transmission over a physical medium. The most common transmission media are twisted pair (copper wires), coaxial cable, and fiber optics. The data link layer, usually implemented in the network adaptors, is above the physical layer and is concerned with the organization of data into frames and the reliable transportation of these frames over a direct link. The specific problems of multi-access links such as channel allocation and collision detection are handled by the data link sub-layer called medium access control (MAC). Reliable frame delivery, frame ordering, and frame retransmission are provided in the layer by sliding window protocols. This is a set of protocols for full-duplex data frame transmission, in which the sender and the receiver both keep windows of frame acknowledgements and send frames only if a certain number of already sent frames were acknowledged by the receiver. The data link layer also includes some error detection and correction functions such as parity bit code and cyclic redundancy code (CRC). 

Compiler-like transformations, including constant folding, code motion, global common-subexpression elimination, expression factoring, and redundant code elimination. 

Thus, the genetic code stored in DNA is an alphabet with four letters C, T, A, and G. Any combination of three letters—CCT, TAG, CGG, etc.—is a word of code that stands for an amino acid. Sections of DNA may contain redundant codes. If we think of the sequence of words like a sentence, a sequence of three letters could function like a period in a sentence. Also, there are sections of code that appear not to have any meaning, or at least their meaning has not yet been decoded. 

A major surprise in the early days of quantum computing theory was that quantum error correction was possible at all it has been shown that if a qubit of quantum information is redundantly coded into several qubits, earors in quantum computation can be reduced just as they can be corrected in classical communications channels (Nielsen and Chuang, 2000). One certainty is that the operation of scalable quantum computers will rely heavily on earor correction. There is a threshold for error corrected continuous quantum computation. When errors at the single-qubit-level quantum operations are reduced below this threshold, quantum computation becomes possible. 

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