Reduction in alcohols

Amit Z, Brown Z, Sutherland A, et al Reduction in alcohol intake in humans as a function of treatment with zimelidine implications for rrearment, in Research Advances in New Psychopharmacological Treatments for Alcoholism. Edired by Naranjo CA, Sellers EM. Amsrerdam, Elsevier, 1985 Angelone SM, Bellini L, Di Bella D, er al Effects of fluvoxamine and citalopram in maintaining abstinence in a sample of Italian detoxified alcoholics. Alcohol Alcohol 33 151-156, 1998... 

Arch Gen Psychiatry 42 1050-1055, 1985 Hodge CW, Kelley SP, Bratt AM, et al 5-HT3 receptor subunit is required for 5-HT3 antagonist-induced reductions in alcohol drinking. Neuropsychopharmacology 29 1807-1813, 2004... 

A link between heavier alcohol consumption (more than three drinks per day) and hypertension has been firmly established in epidemiologic studies. Alcohol is estimated to be responsible for approximately 5% of cases of hypertension, making it one of the most common causes of reversible hypertension. This association is independent of obesity, salt intake, coffee drinking, and cigarette smoking. A reduction in alcohol intake appears to be effective in lowering blood pressure in hypertensives who are also heavy drinkers the hypertension seen in this population is also responsive to standard blood pressure medications. 

By reduction in alcoholic-alkaline solution, Elbs and Kopp3 obtained azo- and hydrazobenzene. They employed a porous pot in which a platinum anode was immersed in a saturated solution of sodium carbonate. This... 

D. After treatment period. Using 20 mg/kg for 6 days after the treatment period, a significant (p <0.01) reduction in alcohol consumption by 25% was observed following the first 6 hours after the agent was introduced. Treatment with 40 mg/kg for 3 days lowered alcohol consumption by 27% and remained at this level during the posttreatment period. 

The effect of administrating 40 mg/kg of the experimental agent to Wistar rats for 30 consecutive days resulted in reduction in alcohol consumption by 71%, while water consumption gradually increased to 200%. 

Qll Why may reduction in alcohol and caffeine help relieve Patterson s symptoms Q12 What is the overall aim of the pharmacological treatment of peptic ulcers Q13 What is the mechanism of action of ranitidine ... 

Syntheses in the phospholan series include the oxides (6), (7), and (8). Of these, l-methyl-3-phospholanone 1-oxide (6) has been studied in considerable detail. It is a keto-enol mixture, and the reactions outlined here reflect the reactivity of the hydrogens at C-2. The isomeric oxides (7) and (8) were prepared by photochemical methods. The A -phospholen 1-oxide (8) undergoes an unusual photochemical reduction in alcoholic solution (see ref. 41). 

Hydroxyisoquinoline was readily converted to the corresponding 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro derivatives under low pressure conditions by means of platinum oxide (176a). When an attempt was made to prepare the corresponding decahydro compound by carrying out the reduction in alcohol in the presence of an active nickel catalyst (11) at 125° and 200 atm only 2-ethyl-5-hydroxydecahydroisoquinoline was obtained. It was necessary first to acetylate the tetrahydro compound and then subject it to further hydrogenation with the same nickel catalyst in order to avoid N-alkylation. 

For the 50/50 mixture, the flux of toluene is 65% of the flux with pure toluene, but the alcohol flux is only 18% of that for pure alcohol. The membrane absorbs several percent toluene, and toluene molecules in th< free volume of the polymer phase may be responsible for the reduction in alcohol permeability. 

Scheme 8. In fact, when placed in the reaction medium in the dark, (23) gives a product distribution similar to that observed in the photochemical reaction. In contrast with reduction in alcohols, the quantum yield in aqueous HC1 drops rapidly with decreasing HC1 concentration ( = 0.11 in 12moll-1 HC1, but = 0.012 in 6 mol l-1 HC1 48 whereas in 50% aqueous propan-2-ol, is constant at >0.1 mol l-1 HQ 47). Both this dependence of quantum yield on acidity and some radical scavenging observed when phenol or anisole (chlorine atom traps) are present are in accord with the mechanism outlined in Scheme 8. Cu and Testa49 have found that the 313 nm irradiation of protonated 5-nitroquinoline...

Their i.r. spectra and analogy with the known [Rh6(CO)i5 ] indicate that they all maintain the Rh6(CO)i6 structure. With KCN and using higher reaction temperatures, the disubstituted cluster [Rh6(CO)i4(CN)2] was obtained. Further treatment of the above alkoxycarbonyl anions [Rh6(C0)i5C02R] with alkaline ROH yielded the novel cluster [Rh6(CO)i5], which was isolated as its tetrabutylammonium salt. This salt is in turn converted partly into the dark-green species [Rh7(CO)i6] on prolonged reduction in alcoholic NaOH. 

Further studies showed that proton abstraction is probably the rate limiting step of the reaction. We believe that this feature is the most likely reason why the Sorrell complex does not undergo a reduction in alcoholic solution. This complex lacks an additional basic function which is required to abstract a proton from the substrate. Complexes 2 and 3, on the other hand, do have such a basic function. The role of proton abstraction needs further investigation, as does the possibility of transforming the reduction reaction into a catalytic cycle. 

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