Red bark

Peruvian bark. 1. Cinchona pallida. Pale bark. 2. Cinchona rubra. Red bark. 3. Cinchona flava. Yellow bark. Cinchona lancifolia. Lond. 10. Cortex. The bark. Cinchona oblongifolia. Lond. 10. Cortex. The bark. Cinchona cordifolia. Lond. 10. Cortex. The bark. 

Red bark A red variety of cinchona bark obtained from Cinchona succJruba and Its hybrids. 

W2. Syrup of Bark and Chloride of Iron. Take 1 pint of the saccharine tincture of red bark, add to this 160 minims each syrup of chloride of iron and hydrochloric acid. This contains 120 groins of red bark and 10 drops of symp chloride iron to each fluid ounce. If it be desirable to mix in any other proportion, add one measure of hydrochloric acid for each measure of syrup of ohloride of iron. This is a deep red, clear... 

Today, three Cinchona species are cultivated for the production of quinine. C sticcirubra yields the red bark , C. legderiana the brown bark , and C. calisaya the yellow bark (Dewick, 2002). In addition to quinine, the barks contain significant amounts of three other quinoline alkaloids quinidine, the diastereomer of quinine, which is used as an antiarrhythmic, and 6-demethoxy analogs of the two alkaloids, cinchonine and cinchonidine. 

Common/vernacular names Red bark, red Peruvian bark, cinchona rubra (C. pubescens), yellow bark, calisaya bark, ledger bark, brown bark, cinchona flava (C. calisaya and C. ledgeriana), Jesuit s bark, Peruvian bark, China bark, cortex chinae, and fever tree. 

Ca.sca.ra. Sagrada. Cascara sagrada, also known as sacred bark, chitten, dogwood, coffeeberry, bearberry, bitter bark, and bearwood, is the dried bark of Jdamnus Purshiana DeCandoUe. It is ia the form of browa, purpHsh browa, or brownish red flattened or transversely curved pieces, 1- to 5-mm thick, and has a characteristic odor and bitter taste. It should be collected at least one year prior to use. The active constituents are aloe-emodin... 

PAYTA BARK. From this material Hesse isolated two alkaloids paytamine, C2iH240N2, amorphous and distinguished from its associated base by not being precipitated from solution by potassium iodide, and paytine, C2iH240N2. H2O. The latter crystallises from alcohol, has m.p. 156°, [a]o — 149-5°, and yields a crystalline hydrochloride, B. HCl, prisms from hot water with perchloric acid it gives a magenta red colour. 

This tree is the Red flowering Iron-bark of New SouIR Wales and Vicloria. [Is oil has Ihn [ollowing characters —... 

China-ol, n. baleam of Peru, rindet/. cinchona bark, Peruvian bark. rindensauret /. quinic acid, -rot, n. cinchona red. 

Several carbohydrate-binding proteins have been isolated from Sambucus nigra and two haemagglutinins have been isolated from its bark. Its seeds contain a lectin that is related to the immunological properties of the bark. One of its carbohydrate-binding proteins, called nigrin, is made of two subunits and is reported to cause red blood cells to clump. 5... 

Barberry root is a yellow-red dye that has been used since prehistoric times it is extracted with hot water from the stems, bark, and roots of Berberis vulgaris, a bush that grows indigenously in Europe as well as in North America. The coloring matter in the dye is the organic compound berberine. Silk and wool can be dyed directly with barberry root, yielding a yellow color however, for dyeing cotton, a mordant is required to attach the dye to the substrate fibers. 

Sometimes natural fine chemicals are by-products in bulk products refining. Examples are (a) lecithin and steroids in vegetable oil refining (b) betaine, pectin and raffinose in sugar manufacture (c) quinic acid in quinine extraction of the bark of Cinchona trees (d) chitin and the red pigment asthaxanthin in lobster and shrimp processing and (e) lanolin, lanosterol and cholesterol in sheep wool purification. 

Myrrh (Commiphora moimoi) is a shrub that grows in eastern Mediterranean regions and Somalia (Gruenwald, 1998). It grows irregular, knotted branches, trifoliate leaves, and yellow-red flowers (figure 8.5). The part used is a resin that exudes from the bark. It was made into an oint-... 

Mature trees have the added attraetion of beautiful, peeling gray-fawn bark. Tiny, spidery red flowers are borne on the bare branehes in late winter. 

Perfeet for a small garden, with showy flowers followed by fleshy red fruits, flaking bark, and glowing fall oolor. 

Symptoms Tree bark shrinks and cracks, often in concentric rings with the central piece of bark falling away. Deep lesions develop on the branches. Swelling can occur around the canker, and young twigs may die back. Cream-colored pustules may be seen in summer red spots are more common in fall. Papery bark can result Canker can ring an entire stem. Fruit skins crack fruits dry and can remain, mummified, on the tree. 

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