Recommendations implementation examples

The nature, amount and concentration of emissions are regulated by public norms and rules specific for each country. The European Commission released recommendations and example of implementation in different countries in the frame of reference documents [22] known as the best available technique (BAT). One of the most useful document deals with large-volume organic chemicals (LVOC). The following short discussion regards specifically the acrylonitrile, but the approach may be applied to other situations. 

Each type of smoothing function removes different features in the data and often a combination of several approaches is recommended especially for real world problems. Dealing with outliers is an important issue sometimes these points are due to measurement errors. Many processes take time to deviate from the expected value, and a sudden glitch in the system unlikely to be a real effect. Often a combination of filters is recommend, for example a five point median smoothing followed by a three point Hanning window. These methods are very easy to implement computationally and it is possible to view the results of different filters simultaneously. 

Recommendations that are a minimal cost should be readily accepted, since their cost to review and evaluate would probably be more than to immediately implement the recommendation. For example, if the cost to evaluate the usefulness of a recommendation is more than the apparent cost to implement it, the value to the company has be wasted and inadvertently lost. The project manager should be able to readily evaluate recommendations that are useful and of minimal cost to implement without further expert evaluation. Usually for most large companies, if the evaluation is less than on the order of several days of technical work and say of several thousand dollars of materials it is considered negligible and should be readily implemented. 

The next stage in the risk assessment is the control of the risk. In established workplaces, some control of risk will already be in place. The effectiveness of these controls needs to be assessed so that an estimate of the residual risk may be made. Many hazards have had specific acts, regulations or other recognized standards developed to reduce associated risks. Examples of such hazards are fire, electricity, lead and asbestos. The relevant legislation and any accompanying approved codes of practice or guidance should be consulted first and any recommendations implemented. Advice on control measures may also be available from trade associations, trade unions or employers organizations. 

The general type of approach, that is, the comparison of an experimental heat of immersion with the expected value per square centimeter, has been discussed and implemented by numerous authors [21,22]. It is possible, for example, to estimate sv - sl from adsorption data or from the so-called isosteric heat of adsorption (see Section XVII-12B). In many cases where approximate relative areas only are desired, as with coals or other natural products, the heat of immersion method has much to recommend it. In the case of microporous adsorbents surface areas from heats of immersion can be larger than those from adsorption studies [23], but the former are the more correct [24]. 

Because each country has its own patent laws, the precise meaning of the bibhographic data and the legal significance of the pubUshed patent document vary from country to country. The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) provides a recommended code to distinguish the various types of documents and to simplify storage and retrieval of patent data (2), but the code is implemented differentiy by different countries. For example, in the United States an A-document in 1995 was a patent in the Nethedands, an A-document was a pubUshed unexamined appHcation. It is essential to understand each country s system to interpret the status of its patent documents. 

This chapter provided several cost recommendations that, once implemented, would provide cost-effective added value to the operation of the FCC. Examples of such items include tips on debottlenecking the air blower, wet gas compressor, and catalyst circulation. This chapter also discussed the latest technologies regarding the riser termination devices, as well as feed injection systems. Prior to implementing any new technologies, it is critical that the objectives and the limitations of the unit are clearly defined to ensure the expected benefits of the new technology are realized. 

The text summarises the activities and outcome of the Organic HACCP project (www.organichaccp.org) that was completed in 2005, how a database of critical control points (CCPs) was developed for some representative supply chains and how this was used to define a set of recommendations that were then developed into leaflets with advice to producers, processors, retailers or consumers, respectively. The chapter will thus explain how companies at every step of the production chain can utilise the concepts to improve customer satisfaction in a cost-effective manner. Finally, it will describe an example of implementation in a group of collaborating companies and suggest where additional activities are needed in order to develop the concept further. 

In this particular example, almost all recommendations can be implemented without difficulty. These technical improvements and new management systems will prevent future drown-... 

The following recommendations represent integrated approaches to IQC that are suitable for many types of analysis and applications areas. Managers of laboratory quality systems will have to adapt the recommendations to the demands of their own particular requirements. Such adoption could be implemented, for example, by adjusting the number of duplicates and control material inserted into a run, or by the inclusion of any additional measures favoured in the particular application area. The procedure finally chosen and its accompanying decision rules must be... 

The importance of prompt follow up and implementation of recommendations cannot be overemphasized. The impact on a government investigator, or a jury, of recommendations made but ignored cannot be overstated. This is especially true if it appears that the recommendations were not implemented due to their costs. It is the company lawyer s nightmare to learn, for example, that a past audit identified a problem and years later, a personal injury-causing accident occurred because the problem was not fixed. 

If management decides to reject, modify, or delay implementation of a recommendation, it is a good practice to document the reasons for not accepting or implementing the recommendation as submitted by the investigation team. A common and avoidable mistake is to provide inadequate documentation for this decision. An example of inadequate documentation would be a brief entry in the record to the effect that this recommendation is not considered justifiable, with no further explanation. Examples of more adequate reasons for not accepting a recommendation may be the recommendation did not specifically address a root cause, or the recommendation is not technically feasible. In either case, an alternate recommendation should be presented. 

Carefully identify at least 10 sampling locations in the blender to represent potential areas of poor blending. For example, in tumbling blenders (such as V-blenders, double cones, or drum mixers), samples should be selected from at least two depths along the axis of the blender. For convective blenders (such as a ribbon blender), a special effort should be made to implement uniform volumetric sampling to include the corners and discharge area (at least 20 locations are recommended to adequately validate convective blenders). 

Use Consistent Terminology and Concepts. Consistency of usage is needed within and between projects (see above on varied definitions of reference populations, for example). This is a recommendation that can be implemented quickly and relatively easily. Ultimately, this should become part of a larger effort to train various constituencies on what biomonitoring can and cannot tell one about environmental chemicals in humans. Both efforts are vital if there is to be any hope of establishing a minimum of shared knowledge among constituencies so that communicators eventually will not need to recapitulate the entire spectrum of education for each new project. 

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