Source-multiplication reactivity

This section presents [after references (j) and ( )] perturbation expressions for several definitions of reactivity, as well as the equivalent expressions required for the experimental determination of reactivities of exactly the same definition. The reactivities considered are the static reactivity (the reactivity most commonly calculated) and three special cases of Henry s time-dependent reactivity (5) the asymptotic-period reactivity, the promptmode reactivity, and the source-multiplication reactivity. 

We shall refer to p, as the source-multiplication reactivity it can be determined experimentally by using source-multiplication methods (4). 

A credible accident without a scram, or any initiating event (with or without an identifiable source) without a scram is called hypothetical. In the class of hypothetical accidents are the flow coast-downs without scram, sudden loss of cooling, large ramp additions of reactivity from unknown sources, multiple simultaneous control rod blowout, and multiple simultaneous voiding of individual channels. 

Thennal dissociation is not suitable for the generation of beams of oxygen atoms, and RF [18] and microwave [19] discharges have been employed in this case. The first excited electronic state, 0( D), has a different spin multiplicity than the ground 0( P) state and is electronically metastable. The collision dynamics of this very reactive state have also been studied in crossed-beam reactions with a RF discharge source which has been... 

The second of the resonance structures is the source of the radical reactivity displayed during oxidation and the Mn(III) in this structure must be low-spin to preserve multiplicity. Substitution at the meso-position could provide steric hindrance to analogous decompositions and reactions of the Mn(IV) complexes of ethyl- and benzylmalonic acids, and a conventional one-equivalent oxidation step becomes dominant. 

Mitochondria, nitric oxide synthase and arachidonic acid metabolism are sources of reactive oxygen species during ischemia-reperfusion injury. ROS generation during ischemia-reperfusion may come from several sources, including NOS activity, mitochondrial electron transport, multiple steps in the metabolism of arachidonic... 

Occasionally, the U.S. EPA issues a process safety alert or study that is related to chemical reactivity hazards. The following incident summaries are from a Case Study on phenol-formaldehyde reaction hazards (EPA 1999a) and from an Alert urging the use of multiple data sources when developing emergency response strategies (EPA 1999b). 

In the compilation of process safety information, require that multiple sources of information be sufficiently consulted to understand and control potential reactive hazards. Useful sources include ... 

Be aware that MSDSs for the same material but from different sources can vary considerably in what they report as hazards. For this reason, it is wise to consult multiple MSDSs and other sources before concluding that a material is or is not hazardous. In addition to MSDSs, there are many other readily available references that can provide similar information, often in more detail than the MSDS. Several are listed in the Where Can I Get More Help section of this document, under Reactive Materials. 

It is unlikely that carbon dioxide would be produced from the degrading polymer since multiple bond fragmentation and reformation would be required. After repeated precipitation of the polymer, GICO ) decreased markedly while the yield of other products was not affected. It is proposed that potassium carbonate, used to generate reactive phenolate during the step growth polymerization, was occluded in the precipitated polymer and was the primary source of the observed carbon dioxide. 

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