Reactive groups explosives

Group 17 (VIIA) Perchlorates. Fluorine perchlorate [37366 8-6] FCIO, is formed by action of elemental fluorine and 60—70% aqueous perchloric acid solution (68). The compound is normally a gas. It melts at —167.5° C and boils at — 15.9°C. It is extremely reactive and explosive ia all states. 

This group of compounds, (which combines the structural features of both the separately treated A+haloimides and difluoroamino compounds, each of high reactivity) is explosively unstable. 

In iwhcuhr crystals the identity of each individual molecule is preserved. The % an dcr Wanb atimctive forces beiween molecules, which give the solid its coherence, are weak eompared with the (usually covaleni) bonds between the amtiK compnsing each molecule. On heating, most molecular solids melt without chemical changes of ibe coasiiiuetiis. Some compounth Riiiy be unstable because ofinolecvlex wiihvoitsiderabk internal strains orcrmiaining several reactive groups, as in many explosives, and decomposition may occur at temperatures below... 

B.1.3.2 Explosive properties are associated with the presence of certain chemical groups in a molecule which can react to produce very rapid increases in temperature or pressure. The screening procedure in B.1.3.1 is aimed at identifying the presence of such reactive groups and the potential for rapid energy release. If the screening procedure identifies the chemical as a potential explosive, the acceptance procedure (See section 10.3 of the UN ST/ SG/AC.10 (incorporated by reference See 1910.6)) is necessary for classification. 

In the past, hazardous wastes were often grouped into the following categories (1) radioactive substances, (2) chemicals, (3) biological wastes, (4) flammable wastes, and (5) explosives. The chemical cate-goiy included wastes that were corrosive, reactive, and toxic. The principal sources of hazardous biological wastes are hospitals and biological-research facilities. 

Since 1967, the International Colloquia on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems (ICDERS) were organized in addition to the Combustion Symposia. ICDERS was initiated by a group of visionary combustion scientists (Numa Manson, Antoni K. Oppenheim, and Rem Soloukhin). They considered the subject of these colloquia to be important to the future of combustion technology and control of global environmental emission. 

Certain kinds of molecular groupings are more likely to show chemical reactivity than other kinds. For example, Bretherick s Handbook (Urben 1999 2 129-131) lists many bond groupings and functional groups that tend to contribute explosive instability to substances or substance mixtures. 

Nitration Chemical reaction of a substance in which the nitro group (-N02) is introduced into the molecule often accomplished under highly reactive conditions using mixtures of nitric and sulfuric acids at high temperatures. Byproducts of the reaction may have explosive properties if reaction control is lost, may lead to vigorous and strongly exothermic runaway reactions due to oxidation of the reactants. 

A number of mercury compounds show explosive instability or reactivity in various degrees, including the group ... 

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