Lead anions

Wilson WL (1982) Preperation and NMR characterization of tin and lead anionic clusters. PhD Dissertation, University of Michigan, Michigan... 

Since this article was written, several notable developments in organolead chemistry have been reported. New diplumbenes, a W-Pb triple bond, a tri(trisbiphenylplum-byl)lead anion, and new lead clusters have been obtained. 

For one of this cases there was suggested a simple procedure based on electric gradient detection and on the calculation of the relative mobilities by using a reference substance whose mobility is practically independent of pH. The procedure was verified by investigating the conditions for the separation of a complicated mixture of adds fi-om the Krebs cycle chloride was used as a reference substance and simultaneously served as a leading anion. If the electric gradients in the zone of substance X and that in the zone of the chlorides are denoted by and E,., respectively, then the isotachophoretic condition of the identical velocity of the migration (see Eq. (11)) is valid in the form... 

Fig. 7. Isotachophoregram of a model mixture of some acids from the Krebs cycle (injection of 4 fA, concentrations of acids 0.4-1.0 10 M). 1) chloride (the leading anion), 2) oxalate, 3) oxalolacetate, 4) fumarate, 5) a-ketogiutarate, 6) citrate, 7) malate, 8) isocitrate, 9) lactate, 10) succinate, 11) acetate (terminator)...

Fig. R. Sqjaration of the model mixture containing formate (Fo), phosphonoformate (PFo), phosphono-aoetate (PAc), phosphate (P) and acetate (Ac) in the amounts 12, 8, 8, 10 and 18 pmol, respectively. Leading electrolyte 0.01 M HCl + 0.019 M urotro-pine -1- 0.003 M CaCl terminator 0.015 M glutamic add, leading anion (L) Cl , and terminating anion (T) glutamate...

Fig. 23. Separation of a model mixture of EDTA complexes, The sample injected contained Co(II)-EDTA Mn(II)-EDTA, Cu(II)-EDTA and A1(III)-EDTA 2 nmol of each substance). The leading electrolyte consisted of HCl + KCl, pH = 2.2 the leading anion (L) was 0.015 M Cl". Glutamate served as terminator (T)...

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is the most commonly used separation mode in CE microchip due to its versatility, ease of operation, and separation power. This electrophoretic mode is based on the theory and mechanism of action directly transferred from the conventional CE. In CZE the channel contains only a buffered medium and the electrophoretic mobilities of the analytes depend on their charge/mass ratio, acting as separation mechanism. These different velocities make possible to separate cations and anions if the EOF is strong, in order to lead anionic substances to the detector located usually at the cathode. It has the limitation of being useful only for separation of charged species. 

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