Re-attribution

Figure 8.8 Percentages of correct re-attributions to the region of origin of Italian genuine wines using isotopic (ISO) and elemental (EL) parameters as well as chloride (Cl-). In brackets, the number of samples analyzed is reported...

Table 8.13 Percentages of correct re-attribution to the geographic area of origin of musts used for balsamic vinegar.

No. samples of certain origin Percentage of correct re-attribution North-A South North-B... 

If the patient is blaming him/herself for a particular outcome, they can be taught to use the re-attribution technique. The re-attribution technique encourages the patient to look to external factors as causes of negative outcomes rather than internal factors or self-blame. Also, even if the individual was responsible to some extent, they need to ask Are the consequences of this really as bad as they seem How might 1 feel about these events in one day, one week, one month or six months time ... 

Application of Eqn. 1 to the data in Fig. 1 over the 1 to 10 eV range gave the absorption spectra for light polarised parallel and perpendicular to the b-direction for both the monomer and polymer crystals (3). The results in Fig. 2 show clearly that peaks A, A, and B must be associated with electronic transitions of the polymer backbone as they do not appear in the monomer spectra. In addition the direction of N for the transitions must lie approximately along the polymer chains as the absorption bands only appear for the E V b spectrum. Peak C Which a >ears in the absorption spectrum of the monomer but not the polymer h been identified with the diacetylene moiety of the monomer molecule. The rest of the features % re attributed to electronic transitions on the sidegroups. 

The destiny of most biological material produced in lakes is the permanent sediment. The question is how often its components can be re-used in new biomass formation before it becomes eventually buried in the deep sediments. Interestingly, much of the flux of phosphorus is held in iron(lll) hydroxide matrices and its re-use depends upon reduction of the metal to the iron(ll) form. The released phosphate is indeed biologically available to the organisms which make contact with it, so the significance attributed to solution events is understandable. It is not clear, however, just how well this phosphorus is used, for it generally remains isolated from the production sites in surface waters. Moreover, subsequent oxidation of the iron causes re-precipitation of the iron(lll) hydroxide floes, simultaneously scavenging much of the free phosphate. Curiously, deep lakes show almost no tendency to recycle phosphorus, whereas shallow... 

The situation is different for other examples—for example, the peptide hormone glucagon and a small peptide, metallothionein, which binds seven cadmium or zinc atoms. Here large discrepancies were found between the structures determined by x-ray diffraction and NMR methods. The differences in the case of glucagon can be attributed to genuine conformational variability under different experimental conditions, whereas the disagreement in the metallothionein case was later shown to be due to an incorrectly determined x-ray structure. A re-examination of the x-ray data of metallothionein gave a structure very similar to that determined by NMR. 

The results of the electron diffraction investigation reported in this paper are collected in Table X. The re-investigation of benzene confirms the value 1.39 A. for the C-C distance and provides a rough experimental value for the C-H distance. In pyridine and pyrazine the C-N distance is greater than expected for Kekuld resonance the effect is attributed to extra reso-... 

The dependence of the local Nusselt number on non-dimensional axial distance is shown in Fig. 4.3a. The dependence of the average Nusselt number on the Reynolds number is presented in Fig. 4.3b. The Nusselt number increased drastically with increasing Re at very low Reynolds numbers, 10 < Re < 100, but this increase became smaller for 100 < Re < 450. Such a behavior was attributed to the effect of axial heat conduction along the tube wall. Figure 4.3c shows the dependence of the relation N /N on the Peclet number Pe, where N- is the power conducted axially in the tube wall, and N is total electrical power supplied to the tube. Comparison between the results presented in Fig. 4.3b and those presented in Fig. 4.3c allows one to conclude that the effect of thermal conduction in the solid wall leads to a decrease in the Nusselt number. This effect decreases with an increase in the... 

In respiratory epithelial (RE) cells the Cl -conductance was attributed to the ICOR channel. In fact, it was reported by Frizzell et al. and Welsh s laboratories that catecholamines increased the incidence of ICOR channels in cell attached patches of normal RE cells but failed to do so in CF cells [110,111], Later both laboratories presented data on excised membrane patches of RE cells in which the protein kinase A which was added to the cytosolic side produced ICOR channel activity in the normal cells but not in the CF tissues [19,20]. This finding was reproduced by Guggino and coworkers [22] for RE cells and by others for lymphocytes [46]. Protein kinase C at physiological Ca -activities had a comparable effect in normal cells but also failed to function in CF cells [22,112]. 

Fig. 9.1. Most favorable si and re transition structures for allylboration of acetaldehyde. The si TS is favored by 1.75kcal/mol, which is attributed to an electrostatic attraction between a formyl carbonyl oxygen lone pair and the acetaldehyde carbonyl carbon. In the re TS, there is a repulsive interaction between lone pairs on the formyl and acetaldehyde carbonyl oxygens. Reproduced from J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 10692 (2002), by permission of the American Chemical Society. 

The Raman spectra (0-1400 cm l) shown in Fig re 6 illustrate the structural changes which accompany the consolidation of silica gels. The 1100°C sample is fully dense, whereas the 50 and 600°C samples have high surface areas (1050 and 890 m2/g), respectively. The important features of the Raman spectra attributable to siloxane bond formation are the broad band at about 430 cm 1 and the sharp bands at 490 and 608 cm 1(which in the literature have been ascribed to defects denoted as D1 and D2, respectively). The D2 band is absent in the dried gel. It appears at about 200°C and becomes very intense at intermediate temperatures, 600-800°C. Its relative intensity in the fully consolidated gel is low and comparable to that in conventional vitreous silica. By comparison the intensities of the 430 and 490 cm 1 bands are much more constant. Both bands are present at each temperature, and the relative intensity of the 430 cm 1 band increases only slightly with respect to D1 as the temperature is increased. Figure 7 shows that in addition to elevated temperatures the relative intensity of D2 also decreases upon exposure to water vapor. 

Wu, B., Davey, G. E., Nazarov, A. A., Dyson, P. J. Davey, C. A. Specific DNA Structural Attributes Modulate Platinum Anticancer Drug Site Selection and Cross-Link Generation. Nucleic Acids Res. 39, 8200-8212 (2011). 

Recently, Reinhoudt and Kouwenhoven 53) have reported, in connection with their successful synthesis of monocyclic thiepin 87, that the relatively high stability of 87 is attributed to the presence of the two methoxycarbonyl groups which cause a decrease in the electron density of the 8n-electron system. As a result, the formal anti-aromatic character is reduced. Traynelis and his coworkers 6) have also reported a slight increase in the thermal stability of benzo[6]thiepin when electron-withdrawing groups are present. These conclusions have subsequently been supported by resonance energy calculations on various thiepin derivatives59). Thus, the re-... 

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