Rate density

Turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate density (m s ) = Turbulent viscosity (kg m sec )... 

Burning Rates, Densities, and Specific Impulses for Ethyl Acrylate Propellants Containing TVOPA Modifier... 

As has been described in Ref. 70, this approach can reasonably account for membrane electroporation, reversible and irreversible. On the other hand, a theory of the processes leading to formation of the initial (hydrophobic) pores has not yet been developed. Existing approaches to the description of the probability of pore formation, in addition to the barrier parameters F, y, and some others (accounting, e.g., for the possible dependence of r on r), also involve parameters such as the diffusion constant in r-space, Dp, or the attempt rate density, Vq. These parameters are hard to establish from first principles. For instance, the rate of critical pore appearance, v, is described in Ref. 75 through an Arrhenius equation ... 

Mat l. Rate Density Max Change Travels Reqd. Effi- Effi- Per Power ... 

Delay and feedback effects in relationships among flow rate, density, pressure drops... 

Fig. 12.4. Global co-moving star-formation rate density (assuming a Salpeter(O.l) IMF) compiled from surveys by Lilly et al. (1996), Connolly et al. (1997) and Steidel et al. (1999), assuming Einstein-de Sitter cosmology with h = 0.5. The point at zero redshift is based on an Ha survey by Gallego et al. (1995). After Pettini (1999). With kind permission of Springer Science and Business Media. Courtesy Max Pettini.

The reaction is CH4 + 2S2 -> CS2 + 2H2S. Although this is a gas-phase reaction, since there is no change in T, P, or total molar flow rate, density is constant. Furthermore, since the reactants are introduced in the stoichiometric ratio, neither is limiting, and we may... 

More rigorous relationships can be obtained from the detailed tray hydraulic equations to include the effects of vapor rate, densities, compositions, etc. We will assume a simple functional relationship between liquid holdup and liquid rate. 

The unified approach adopted by Ma ek assumed that all initiations are ultimately thermal. More precisely every initiating stimulus (shock, impact, electric discharge, friction, etc) serves to heat up the explosive or a portion thereof, initially at a temperature T to an elevated temperature T. It is assumed that T and the length of time t the explosive is exposed to T are the two variables sufficient to account for initiation. The 3rd factor influencing the reaction rate, density p, is important in gaseous combustions and explosions where it varies considerably with temperature and pressure in homogeneous solids and liquids it is nearly constant... 

Let N(t) be the random variable representing at time t, for instance, the number of reactants in a reversible chemical reaction. Each reactive act is followed by a decrease or an increase of one reactant. Furthermore, let X(t) = N(t)/V denote the concentration variable, where V is the volume of the chemical system and consider e = 1IV. Thus, one can envisage that per reactive act X(t) changes by e. The process A (t), t > 0 may be interpreted as a one-step process characterized by the following time-independent transition rate densities ... 

TABLE XII Qualitative expression of effects on high density polyethylene of changes in melt flow rate, density, and distribution of molecular weight... 

Melt flow rate Density Breadth of distribution... 

A Pi = pressure drop based on the inlet conditions of flow rate, density, and viscosity v2 = vapor velocity at the outlet Vi = vapor velocity at the inlet... 

To deal with this problem, and more specifically with the working state of the MWPB, we will use stochastic modelling of the liquid and gas flow. When the MWPB operates with small liquid retention (wetted packed state) the liquid and gas hold-up are described by the concept of mean residence time (T ji,Tjng) and the flow rate density (q,i, q,g) as follows ... 

High diffusion rates offer potential for increased reaction rates Density can be varied to control reagent/product solubility, tunable solvent Relatively inert and non-oxidizable Misplaced technophobia... 

Colloidal Silcion dioxide is an agent that has been commonly used as a glidant. Flow rate, density, as well as other related measurements, were conducted on four different excipients. The addition of 1% colloidal silicon dioxide increased the flow of the poorer flowing excipients but had lesser affects on the exipients that were of larger size and were better flowing. Increasing amounts of chlorpromazine hydrochloride markedly decreased the flow characteristics of all the various blends. The particle size of the excipient blend... 

FIGURE 33. The comoving star formation rate density (>, vs. lookback time compiled from wide angle, ground based surveys (Steidel et al. 1999 and references therein). The data shown here are for a Ho = 50 km s-1 Mpc 1, Om = 1, Qa = 0 cosmology. 

We can also ask What is the total mass of metals produced by z = 2.5 . Using the conversion factor pmetais = 1 /42 p to relate the comoving density of synthesised metals to the star formation rate density (Madau et al. 1996) we find... 

Normalized moisture content Latent heat of vaporization, J kg Dynamic viscosity, kg m s Normalized drying rate Density, kg m ... 

Other factors, besides solubility, to be considered when selecting a solvent Include evaporation rate, density, flash point, boiling range, etc. Much data of this nature are available in the literature along with test methods for additional solvent properties. 

Equation (13.17) gives us information on the relative sizes of the reaction rates, dMi dt r), for the chemical components involved in the reaction, but it gives no indication of how fast the reaction is proceeding in absolute terms. Information on the speed of the reaction must usually be found by chemical experiment, where measurements are made of the rate of disappearance of the reactants and the rate of creation of the product. These measurements are normally referred to unit volume in order to allow them to be scaled up to a different size of reaction vessel. The resultant figure is often called, loosely, the reaction rate , although what is actually quoted is a reaction rate density, the rate of reaction per unit volume. We will prefer to use the more precise term reaction rate density , r, and define it as the normalized rate of reaction per unit volume ... 

The reaction rate density for reaction j in units of kmol rxn/(m s) is then ... 

The reaction rate densities will be given by equation (13.29), repeated below ... 

---