Rashes, during pregnancy

Penicillamine (29) can be effective in patients with refractory RA and may delay progression of erosions, but adverse effects limit its useflilness. The most common adverse side effects for penicillamine are similar to those of parenteral gold therapy, ie, pmritic rash, protein uria, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Decreased or altered taste sensation is a relatively common adverse effect for penicillamine. A monthly blood count, platelet count, and urinalysis are recommended, and also hepatic and renal function should be periodically monitored. Penicillamine is teratogenic and should not be used during pregnancy. 

The penicillins in general, ate renowned for their lack of toxicity. The most common adverse effect of the use of penicillins is an allergic reaction which can change from a mild rash to fatal anaphylactic shock in rate cases. AH penicillins cross the placenta and ate excreted in maternal milk. However, the relative freedom from toxicity tenders these compounds valuable agents during pregnancy and lactation. 

The rubella virus results in a self-limiting infection characterised by a rash spreading from the face, trunk and limbs. The infection commonly occurs in children. The rubella virus has the most serious effect on the fetus. Rubella occurring during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester, may result in spontaneous abortion, stillbirths or congenital malformations. 

Rubella soon after birth is a disease which is usually trivial and of short duration. Its most obvious sign is a mild rash. Rubella virus infection during pregnancy can disrupt fetal growth and cause birth defects. 

Adverse reactions The most common adverse effect is maculopapular rash. Rarely, hepatitis, vasculitis, urticarial rash, and arthralgia have been observed. Agranulocytosis can occur in 0.3% to 0.6% of patients. Patients who develop agranulocytosis with one thioamide should not be switched to the alternate thioamide because there is a 50% cross-reactivity between the agents. Methimazole is contraindicated during pregnancy because scalp defeas have been observed in infants bom to mothers using methimazole. 

There is no strong evidence that it causes cancer. Babies born from mothers exposed to hexachlorobenzene during pregnancy showed acute illnesses and rashes. Babies nursing from exposed mothers showed porphyria cutanea tarda, poor growth, arthritis, and enlarged thyroids. 

Cough hypotension, particularly with a diuretic or volume depletion loss of taste with anorexia skin rash bronchospasm acute renal failure with bilateral renal artery stenosis or stenosis of the artery to a solitary kidney cholestatic jaundice angioedema hyperkalemia if also on potassium supplements or potassium-retaining diuretics blood dyscrasias and renal damage are rare except in patients with renal dysfunction, and particularly in patients with collagen-vascular disease may increase fetal mortahty and should not be used during pregnancy... 

Hypersensitivity reactions include morbilliform rash in 2—5% of patients and occasionally more serious skin reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Systemic lupus erythematosus and potentially fatal hepatic necrosis have been reported rarely. Hematological reactions include neutropenia and leucopenia, or more rarely, red-cell aplasia, agranulocytosis, and thrombocytopenia Lymphadenopathy is associated with reduced immunoglobulin A (IgA) production. Hypoprothrombinemia and hemorrhage have occurred in the newborns of mothers who received phenytoin during pregnancy vitamin K is effective treatment or prophylaxis. 

Miconazole readily penetrates the stratum comeum and persists there for >4 days after application. Less than 1% is absorbed into the blood. Systemic absorption from the vagina is <1.3%. Adverse effects from vaginal application include burning, itching, or irritation in -7% of recipients, and infrequently, pelvic cramps (0.2%), headache, hives, or skin rash. Irritation, burning, and maceration are rare after cutaneous application. Miconazole is considered safe for use during pregnancy. 

Tb allium intoxication during the first trimester of pregnancy can cause skeletal deformities, alopecia, rash, low birth weight, and premature birth (38). 

ACE inhibitors are contraindicated during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy because of the risk of fetal hypotension, anuria, and renal failure, sometimes associated with fetal malformations or death. Recent evidence also implicates first-trimester exposure to ACE inhibitors in increased teratogenic risk. Captopril, particularly when given in high doses to patients with renal insufficiency, may cause neutropenia or proteinuria. Minor toxic effects seen more typically include altered sense of taste, allergic skin rashes, and drug fever, which may occur in up to 10% of patients. 

Symptoms of excess include headaches and blurred vision, fatigue, bone and joint pain, appetite loss and diarrhea, dry, cracked skin, rashes, and itchiness, hair loss. It can cause birth defects if taken in high doses before and during early pregnancy. 

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