Randomized controlled trials atherosclerosis

Angerer P, Stork S, Kothny W, Schmitt P, von Schacky C. Effect of oral postmenopausal hormone replacement on progression of atherosclerosis a randomized, controlled trial. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 2001 21(2) 262-8. 

Nissen SE, Tsunoda T, Tuzcu EM, et al, Effect of recombinant ApoA-l Milano on coronary atherosclerosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003 290 2292-2300. 

Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Schoenhagen R et al. Effect of intensive compared with moderate lipid-lowering therapy on progression of coronary atherosclerosis a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004 291 1071-1080. 

Intermittent claudication has also been reported to be worsened by beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, but has been difficult to document because of the difficulty of study design in patients with advanced atherosclerosis. As early as 1975 it was reported from one small placebo-controlled study that propranolol did not exacerbate symptoms in patients with intermittent claudication (70). This has subsequently been supported by the results of several large placebo-controlled trials of beta-blockers in mild hypertension and reports of trials of the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction, in which intermittent claudication was not mentioned as an adverse effect, even though it was not a specific contraindication to inclusion (71). In addition, a comprehensive study of the effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists in patients with intermittent claudication did not show beta-blockade to be an independent risk factor for the disease (72). In men with chronic stable intermittent claudication, atenolol (50 mg bd) had no effect on walking distance or foot temperature (73). These findings have been confirmed in a recent meta-analysis of 11 randomized, controlled trials to determine whether beta-blockers exacerbate intermittent claudication (SEDA-17, 234). 

Borhani NO, Mercuri M, Borhani PA, Buckalew VM, Canossa-Terris M, Carr AA, Kappagoda T, Rocco MV, Schnaper HW, Sowers JR, Bond MG. Final outcome results of the Multicenter Isradipine Diuretic Atherosclerosis Study (MIDAS). A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1996 276(10) 785-91. 

Rogers, S., James, K.S., Butland, BX., Etherington, M.D., O Brien, JR.., and Jones, J.G. (1987) Effects of a Fish Oil Supplement on Serum Lipids, Blood Pressure, Bleeding Time, Hemostatic and Rheological Variables. A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Nobststeieis, Atherosclerosis 63, 137-143. 

Waters, D. D., E. L. Alderman, J. Hsia, B. V. Howard, F. R. Cobb, W. J. Rogers, P. Ouyang et al. 2002. Effects of hormone replacement therapy and antioxidant vitamin supplements on coronary atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288 2432-2440. 

Bleys, J., Miller, E.R., 3rd, Pastor-Barriuso, R., Appel, L.J., and Guallar, E., 2006. Vitamin-mineral supplementation and the progression of atherosclerosis a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 84 880-887 quiz 954-955. 

C. von Schakey, R Angerer, W. Kotheny, et al. The effect of dietary ft)-3 fatty acids on coronary atherosclerosis A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 130, 54 (1999). 

Von Schacky, C., Angerer, R, Kothny, W., Theisen, K., and Mudra, H. (1999) The Effect of Dietary o)-3 Fatty Acids on Coronary Atherosclerosis. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial, Ann. Intern. Med. 130,554—562. 

There appears to be a strong link between arterial compliance or stiffness and atherosclerosis and systolic hypertension. In humans, supplementation with soy protein or isoflavones appears to improve com-pliance. In one placebo controlled, randomized, cross-over clinical trial on peri- and postmenopausal women, treatment with 80 mg/day purified soy isoflavones for 5 weeks resulted in improvement of ca. 26% in systemic arterial compliance, even though there was no reduction in blood lipids. Only one study demonstrated a significant decrease in blood pressure, reported in 51 non-hypertensive women after ingestion of 34 mg/day isoflavones,but other studies failed to show a significant effect. ... 

Primary and secondary prevention diet and drug trials have been performed to determine whether lowering of cholesterol will prevent CHD Tables 21-15 and Tables 21-16 summarize these trials. A number of earher angiographic smdies demonstrated that cholesterol reduction leads to regression of atherosclerosis and plaque stabilization. Most of the primary and secondary smdies were double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled, lasting for 5 years or... 

In 81-year-old subjects, high plasma TNF-a was associated with atherosclerosis but not with TC, LDL, and BMI, and was weakly correlated with TG, leukocytes, CRP, and low HDL/TC ratio (154). The presence of antinuclear antibodies is substantially more prevalent among subjects with severe coronary atherosclerosis than those with normal coronary arteries (7 55 j. On the other hand, in a double-blind randomized placebo controlled cross over trial of healthy men, acute systemic inflammation augmented local forearm tPA release suggesting it can invoke a protective response (156). 

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