Random session

Tests took place in a standardised test room provided with individual booths and the trials assessed in four sessions with five randomly grouped samples at each time. 

In paired comparison tests two different samples are presented and one asks which of the two samples has most of the sensory property of interest, e.g. which of two products has the sweetest taste (Fig. 38.3). The pairs are presented in random order to each assessor and preferably tested twice, reversing the presentation order on the second tasting session. Fairly large numbers (>30) of test subjects are required. If there are more than two samples to be tested, one may compare all possible pairs ( round robin ). Since the number of possible pairs grows rapidly with the number of different products this is only practical for sets of three to six products. By combining the information of all paired comparisons for all panellists one may determine a rank order of the products and determine significant differences. For example, in a paired comparison one compares three food products (A) the usual freeze-dried form, (B) a new freeze-dried product, (C) the new product, not freeze-dried. Each of the three pairs are tested twice by 13 panellists in two different presentation orders, A-B, B-A, A-C, C-A, B-C, C-B. The results are given in Table 38.3. 

One Mossbauer spectrum consists of 512 velocity channels (3 bytes per channel). One temperature interval consists of five Mossbauer spectra (one for each detector). There are 13 temperature intervals with selectable width. Thus, MIMOS II can accumulate simultaneously up to 65 Mossbauer spectra during one experiment session on Mars. All Mossbauer, energy, engineering, and temperature data taken during this session are stored in a volatile SRAM (Static Random Access... 

After about 30 training sessions, most animals had acquired the PCP vs. vehicle discrimination, as evidenced by at least 9 out of 10 consecutive sessions during which the rats emitted fewer than 20 responses before the first reinforcement. Following this acquisition of the discrimination, the animals were tested in a random order with different doses of PCP. Figure 1 shows the dose-response profile for PCP discrimination in different groups of rats trained to discriminate 1.0, 1.78 or 3.2 mg/kg of PCP from vehicle. At low doses of PCP few, if any, rats chose the lever previously paired with PCP (i.e., most rats chose the vehicle-associated lever). 

Snakes were tested in a 1-L glass cylinder (the same used by Halpern et al. 1997). At the start of every test session, the snake was placed in the testing apparatus for 5 minutes to acclimate. The snake was videotaped for 1 minute before, 1 minute during, and 1 minute after odorant was delivered, with three-minute intervals between subjects and thirty minutes between odorants. The odors tested were distilled water, amyl acetate, lemon extract, earthworm extract, fish water, and live earthworms. The order of odorants delivered was not randomized. 

Essentially, any optimisation process requires good judgement. This is basically because the errors which are incurred during measurement are not completely random. There are systematic errors which can arise from, for example, faulty calibration or unsuitability of a particular measurement technique. It is worth, therefore, considering a question and answer session which succeeded a paper presented by one of die present authors at the Royal Society (Saunders 1995) ... 

The final session demonstrates how to characterize a protein region as random-izable. For a set of solvent-exposed residues of an immunoglobulin structure, 103 mutants are randomly generated. We examine how many of these mutants are destabilized with respect to the wild type. The analysis is repeated with an alternative set of residues that correspond to part of the natural epitope of the immunoglobulin structure. 

Nevertheless, inspection of accounts of psychedelic sessions (e.g., Metzner, 1968) suggests that they are not just random... 

The Counter mode with session step weight value has increased security and can be recommended for encryption of information with the random access requirement and strict limitation to gamma overlapping in the case of multi-session key usage. Both proposed schemes of improved counter mode utilize dynamic step principle and protect base block cipher from known plaintexts and differential attacks. Their performance is practically equivalent to the performance of standard Counter mode with half block size output. The implementation of Dynamic Step Counter for 128-bit block-size requires about 10 non-paralleled micro operations on the 32-bit Intel Architecture (for comparison—the standard Counter mode requires 4 non-paralleled micro operations). 

Montalescot G and the STEEPLE investigators. The STEEPLE study safety and efficacy of intravenous enoxaparin in elective percutaneous coronary inten/ention an international randomized evaluation. European Society of Cardiology 2005 Hotline session. 

Schachinger VES, Elsasser A, Haberbosch W, et al. Intracoronary infusion of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells in acute myocardial infarction a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled muticenter trial (REPAIR-AMI), In Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association 2005, Internet communication, 2005. 

Janssens S, Intracoronary autologous bone-marrow cell transfer after myocardial infarction a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. American College of Cardiology Scientific Sessions, 2005. 

Morice M-C, Serruys PVY, Colombo A, et al. Eight-month outcome of the REALITY Study a prospective, randomized, multi-center head-to-head comparison of the sirolimus-eluting stent (Cypher) and the paclitaxel-eluting stent (Taxus). Presented at the 2005 Annual Scientific Session ofthe American College of Cardiology, Orlando, FL, March 6-9, 2005. 

The true What-If analysis is considered a brainstorming session. Personnel familiar with the facility discuss aspects in a random fashion whatever comes to mind. Most What-If reviews are therefore akin to a the definition of a What-If/Checklist concept to overcome this handicap. 

The typical What-If review is a basic brainstorming session, all sorts of topics may be randomly addressed as they come to mind. Combined with a checklist format, the review may become simple questions to answer. 

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