Rana sylvatica

More controversially, endocrine disruption as a consequence of exposure to the herbicide atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamine-6-isopropylamine-s-triazine), one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, has also been hypothesized to explain various adverse biological effects in frog populations in the United States. Exposure to atrazine in the laboratory at high concentrations, far exceeding those found in the natural environment, has been reported to induce external deformities in the anuran species Rana pipiens, Rana sylvatica, and Bufo americanus (Allran and Karasov 2001). Studies by Hayes et al. have suggested that atrazine can induce hermaphroditism in amphibians at environmentally relevant concentrations (Hayes et al. 2002 Hayes et al. 2003). Laboratory studies with atrazine also indicated the herbicide... 

Wood frog, Rana sylvatica 30-600 Tadpoles exposed through metamorphosis developed normally 18... 

Ambystoma maculatum wood frog, Rana sylvatica American toad, Bufo americanus Zebnafish, Brachydanio rerio exposed for 6 months from embryos to adults 0.002 mg/L >9.2 mg/L... 

M.A. Smith, C.M. Kapron, M. Berrill (2000). Induction of photolyase activity in wood frog Rana sylvatica) embryos. Photochem. Photobiol, 72, 575-578. 

River frog, Rana heckscheri, 459 South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, 68,459,486, 547, 709, 111, 847 Southern leopard frog, Rana sphenocephala, 459 Water frog, Rana ridibunda, 85 Wood frog, Rana sylvatica, 68... 

Van Buskirk, J., and Relyea, R. A., 1998, Selection for phenotypic plasticity in Rana sylvatica tadpoles, Biol J. 

Waldman, B., 1982a, Adaptive significance of communal oviposition in wood frogs (Rana sylvatica), Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 10 169. 

Waldman, B., 1984, Kin recognition and sibling association among wood frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles, Behav. Ecol. and Sociobiol., 14 171. 

Berven K. A. (1982). The genetic basis of altitudinal variation in the wood frog, Rana sylvatica. 1. An experimental analysis of larval development. Oecohgia. v. 52. N 3. p>p. 360-369. 

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