Ambystoma maculatum

Blem, C.R. and L.B. Blem. 1991. Cation concentrations and acidity in breeding ponds of the spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum (Shaw) (Amphibia Ambystomatidae), in Virginia. North Carol. State Mus. Natur. Hist. 17 67-76. 

Spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum 247 LC50 (288 h), embryos 8... 

Nebeker, A.V., Schu34ema, G.S., Griffis. W.L., and Cataldo, A. Impact of guthion on survival and growth of the frog Pseudacris regilla and the salamanders Ambystoma gracile and Ambystoma maculatum. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 35(1) 48-51, 1998. 

Predators learn to avoid distasteful salamanders. When molested, spotted salamanders Ambystoma maculatum) discharge a white slime, mostly in the tail region. They also raise and wag their tail when a predator is near. In one experiment, four out of five chickens learned to avoid these salamanders by sight after... 

McGregor, J. H and Teska, W. R. 1989. Olfaction as an orientation mechanism in migrating Ambystoma maculatum. Copeia 1989,779-781. 

Ambystoma maculatum wood frog, Rana sylvatica American toad, Bufo americanus Zebnafish, Brachydanio rerio exposed for 6 months from embryos to adults 0.002 mg/L >9.2 mg/L... 

The mucin of Pleurodeles waltl (Fig. 1) appeared to be an abundant source of Le, Le and A Le> antigenic determinants, which can be prepared on a large scale, after removing Kdn by mild acidolysis. The mucin of Ambystoma maculatum (Fig. 3) contained essentially the determinant GalNAc( 31 )[Fuc(al-3)]GlcNAc, which has also... 

Fig. 3. Oligosaccharide-alditols released from the jelly coat of Ambystoma maculatum [26,27].

Butte Lake, British Columbia, do not undergo oxidative diagenesis because of a rapid rate of accumulation and short exposure time to dissolved oxygen in bottom waters. In Michigan, lakes with elevated concentrations of copper (34.0p,g/L) have low densities of fish populations. In the Elizabeth River estuary of southern Chesapeake Bay, anthropogenic copper and other chelatable metals are present at concentrations sufficient to adversely affect growth and survival of the copepod Acartia tonsa. In Norway, freshwater fish are present only when copper is less than 60.0p,g/L and some humic acids are present. Successful reproduction of the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) occurs at low water concentrations of copper (<10.0p,g/L), lead, and aluminum, and high concentrations of silicon. Failed reproduction occurs at low water concentrations of silicon, and elevated concentrations of copper (>25.0p,g/L), lead, and aluminum. 

Salamander, Asiatic (Megalobatrachus maximus) Salamander, European (Salamandra atra) Salamander, long-tailed (Eurycea lucifuga) Salamander, spotted (Ambystoma maculatum) Salamander, tiger (A. tigrinum)... 

Arnold, S. J., 1976, Sexual behavior, sexual interference and sexual defense in the salamanders Ambystoma maculatum, Ambystoma tigrinum and Plethodon jordani, Z Tierpsychol. 42 247-300. 

Petranka, J. W., Rushlowe, A. W., and Hopey, M. E., 1998, Predation by tadpoles oiRma sylvatica on embryos of Ambystoma maculatum Implications of ecological role reversals by Rana (Predator) and Ambystoma (Prey), Herpetologica 54 1 -13. 

Ducey, P.K. P. Ritsema. 1988. Intraspecific aggression and responses to marked substrates in Ambystoma maculatum (Caudata Ambystomatidae). Copeia 1988 1008-1013. 

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