Radium therapy

Fig. 2-6. Schematic diagram illustrating the essential components of the phototimer circuit. When the total x-rays reaching the multiplier phototube, P, generate sufficient current to charge capacitor, C, to a predetermined potential the thyratron, T, fires and turns off the x-rays by means of the relay. (After Morgan, Am. J. Roentgenol. Radium Therapy, 48, 220.)...

Pauline Beery Mack, Walter N. Brown, Jr., and Hughes Daniel Trapp, Am. J. Roentgenol. Radium Therapy, 61, 808825 (1949). 

Marie Curie discovered radium in her laboratory in Paris in 1898. The unique properties of this naturally occurring radioactive element suggested to many that it had therapeutic uses. In the early 1900s, radium therapy was accepted by the American Medical Association. Radium was thought to cure a range of illnesses including... 

West HD, Elliott RR, Johnson AP, et al. 1950. In vivo localization of radioactive silver at predetermined sites in tissues. American Journal Roentgenology Radium Therapy 64 831-834. 

Evans RD, Harris RS, Bunker JW. 1944. Radium metabolism in rats and the production of osteogenic sarcoma by experimental radium poisoning. Am J Roentgenol Radium Therapy 52 353-373. 

Clements, J.P., Wagner, H.N. Jr, Stern, H.S., and Goodwin, D.A. (1968) Indium 113mdiethyltriaminopentacetic acid (DTPA) a new radiopharmaceutical for brain scanning. American Journal of Roentgenology, Radium Therapy, and Nuclear Medicine, 104, 139-144. 

For both humans and laboratory animals, one cannot currently distinguish between a radiation-induced cancer and a spontaneously occurring cancer (i.e., from an unknown cause). Therefore, statistical methods are used to determine whether radiation exposure is associated with an increase in cancer in a given study population. There have been several epidemiological studies in which definite dose-response relationships have been established for radiation-induced cancers. The best studied populations include atomic bomb survivors, Tinea capitis irradiation patients, ankylosing spondylitis irradiation patients, radium dial painters, radium therapy radium-224 patients, Thorotrast patients, uranium miners, Chernobyl fallout victims, and Mayak plutonium facility workers. 

Macklis RM (1990) Radiation and the era of mild radium therapy. Journal of the American Medical Association 264 614-616. 

F3. Finby, N., and Beam, A. G., Roentgenographic abnormalities of the skeletal system in Wilson s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration). Am. J. Roentgenol. Radium Therapy Nucl. Med. 79, 603-611 (1958). 

Goldstein L, Murphy DP Etiology of the ill-health in children bom after maternal pelvic irradiation. American Journal of Roentgenology and Radium Therapy 22 322-331,1929a... 

Bouchard J, Peirce CB Radiation therapy in the management of neoplasms of the central nervous system, with a special note in regard to children twenty years experience, 1939-1958. American Journal of Roentgenology, Radium Therapy and Nuclear Medicine 84 610-628,1960... 

Soon after the discoveries of X-rays and radioactivity it was learned that radiation could cause changes in matter. In 1901 P. Curie found that when a radium source was placed on his skin, woimds were produced that were difficult to heal. In 1902 skin cancer was shown to be caused by the radioactivity from radium but S years later it was learnt that radium therapy could be used to heal the disease. Large radiation doses were found to kill fungi and microorganisms and produce mutations in plants. 

In the American Journal of Roentgenology, Radium Therapy and Nuclear Medicine Vol LXXV, No 6, June, 1956, Paul wrote Great advances have been made in nuclear medicine in the last two decades. The work in the first decade with accelerator-produced radioisotopes laid a firm groundwork for development in the last decade of reactor-produced radioisotopes... On the basis of past developments and the present state of nuclear medicine, we can expect a continuous and steady growth in techniques and uses. It is impossible to anticipate all the future benefits mankind will derive from this new field, nuclear medicine. ... 

Goldstein, L., and D. P. Murphy. Microcephalic Idiocy Following Radium Therapy for Uterine Cancer during Pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 18 (1929) 189-95. 

Warkany, J., and E. Schraffenberger. Congenital Malformations Induced in Rats by Roentgen Rays. American Journal of Roentgenology and Radium Therapy 103 (1947) 520. 

The early deaths and other effects of radiation on man led to the initiation of the second International Congress of Radiology to establish the International X-Ray and Radium Protection Committee in 1928. The Committee forced an international cooperation to introduce protective criteria in the use of X-rays and radium therapy. After the beginning of the nuclear age in the 1940s, the increasing interest and extended fields in radiation were restructured and the Committee was renamed the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), in 1950. Because of the different conditions that apply in various countries, the Commission sets out recommendations but does not intend to provide a regulatory text. 

Gianturco, C., Anderson, J.H., Wallace, S., 1975. Mechanical devices for arterial occlusion. The American Journal of Roentgenology, Radium Therapy, and Nnclear Medicine 124, 428 35. 

Taplin, G. V., C. Finnegan, P. Noyes, and G. Sprague Blood retention of intravenously injected colloidal prodigiosin in normal and roentgen irradiated rabbits an index of phagocytic function in the reticuloendothehal system. Am. J. Roentgenol., Radium Therapy Nuclear Med. 71, 294 (1954). 

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