Radiation detection devices equipment

Cs-137 is used in small amounts for calibration of radiation-detection equipment, such as Geigei -Mueller counters. In larger amounts, Cs-137 is used in medical radiation therapy devices for treating cancer in many industrial gauges that detect the flow of liquid through pipes and in other industrial devices to measure the thickness of materials, such as paper, photographic film, or sheets of metal. 

Radiation detection equipment operates on the principle that the radiation interacts with gases or crystal within the detector to produce ionization that the instrument electronically converts to a reading. Instruments normally detect only certain types and certain levels of radiation. Most of these devices are not precision instruments, and the error rate can he up to 20%. For this reason, conservative estimates of exposure and dose should be used to ensure that emergency limits are not exceeded. 

Manganese Detection Instrument Use any suitable atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with a fast-response recorder or other readout device and capable of measuring the radiation absorbed by manganese atoms at the manganese resonance line of 279.5 nm. 

Spectroscopic instruments in the UV and visible regions are usually equipped with one or more devices to restrict the radiation being measured to a narrow band that is absorbed or emitted by the analyte. Such devices greatly enhance both the selectivity and the sensitivity of an instrument. In addition, for absorption measurements—as we saw in Section 24C-2—narrow bands of radiation greatly diminish the chance of Beer s law deviations due to polychromatic radiation. Many instruments use a monochromator or filter to isolate the desired wavelength band so that only the band of interest is detected and measured. Others use a spectrograph to spread out, or disperse, the wavelengths so that they can be detected with a multichannel detector. 

In addition to the radiation detectors, the detection technique and the optimum choice of electronic equipment are also essential factors for the success and the accuracy of spectroscopic measurements. This subsection is devoted to some modem detection techniques and electronic devices. 

Nonportable radiation-measuring equipment is also used in biomedical laboratories for detecting radiation in area surveys. This equipment is normally used for analytical purposes in research, but their high sensitivity and ability to discriminate between isotope emissions makes these instruments important for contamination surveys. There are three basic types of analytical devices. 

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