Radiation-density gauge

Radiation-Density Gauges Gamma radiation may be used to measure the density of material inside a pipe or process vessel. The equipment is basically the same as for level measurement, except that here the pipe or vessel must be filled over the effective, irradiated sample volume. The source is mounted on one side of the pipe or vessel and the detector on the other side with appropriate safety radiation shielding surrounding the installation. Cesium 137 is used as the radi-... 

Weimer AW, Gyure DC, Clough DE. Application of a gamma-radiation density gauge for determining hydrodynamic properties of fluidized beds. Powder Technol 44 179-194, 1985. 

Density Gauges These are used to measure the density or suspended solids content of the feed and underflow streams. Gamma radiation devices are the most commonly used for automatic control, but ultrasonic devices are effective in the lower range of slurry density. Marcy pulp density scales are an effective manually operated device. A solids mass flow indication is usually obtained by combining a density gauge output with the output from a flowmeter. 

Density gauges based on the absorption of gamma radiation are used wherever the automatic determination and control of the density of liquids, solids, or slurries is important. The oil industry relies heavily on such instmments. Other applications are in the handling of slurries in mineral processing or even in the food industry. One of the earliest users of radioisotope instmments was the tobacco industry, where density gauges make sure the right amount of tobacco is packed into each cigarette. 

Depleted uranium (shielding, ballast, etc.) Moisture density gauge Static eliminator Tritium exit sign Pu pacemaker Minimal Significant health effects impossible from radiation exposure... 

These regulations apply to the very low-ionizing radiation sources used by specialized industrial contractors. The radioactive source may be sealed or unsealed. Unsealed sources are added to a liquid in order to trace the direction or rate of flow of that liquid. Sealed radioactive sources are used in radiography for the non-destructive testing of materials or in liquid level and density gauges. 

Use Radiation source in industrial thickness gauges, elimination of static charge, treatment of eye diseases, in radio-autography to determine the uniformity of material distribution, in electronics for studying strontium oxide in vacuum tubes, activation of phosphors, source of ionizing radiation in luminous paint, cigarette density control, measuring silk density, atomic batteries, etc. 

Radiation gauging pertains to the use of penetrating radiation, in particular as emitted from radionuclides or radioactive isotopes, for the measurement of particular properties of a material or system. Such properties may include density, thickness, mass, volume, composition, uniformity, etc. In addition to the use of nuclear radiation from radioisotopes instead of X-rays from machine generators, the other distinguishing difference from Radiography is that electronic detectors are employed instead of flhn to measure the transmitted or scattered radiation... 

Elsewhere, the industrial use of radioisotopes rests on the fact that radiation loses energy as it passes through substances. Manufacturers have consequently been able to develop gauges to measure the thickness and density of products and, using radioisotopes as imaging devices, to check finished products for flaws and other sources of weakness. For their part, the fossil fuel industries involved both in mining and oil and gas exploration are using radioactive waves that measure... 

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