Ionizing radiation sources

UNSCEAR. 1982. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Ionizing radiation Sources and biological effects. New York United Nations. 

UNSCEAR, Ionizing Radiation Sources and Biological Effects. United Nations, New York, NY (1982). 

The sanitary and epidemiological service of the Dnepropetrovsk district also provides supervision for the observance of radiological safety rates during operation of ionizing radiation sources in public health, industry and other industrial branches. It carries out studies on food products, drinking water, construction material, gamma-survey of the territory. 

However from 1999 till our days, a series of ravishment of ionizing radiation sources occurred on the territory of the district, and in the first place in the town of Krivoi Rog. From 1994 to 1998 only three such incidents were registered in the district, while in 1999 - five, three of which were connected to ravishment. It should be noted that all the stolen sources were of radionuclides caesium - 137. 

In September 2001 a citizen of Kiev was arrested in a suburb of Dnepropetrovsk, who was also trying to sell a defensive block with ionizing radiation source previously stolen in Doneck district. 

In all operations of the law-enforcement organs against illegal handling of the ionizing radiation sources, active participation took the specialists of the Dnepropetrovsk sanitary and epidemiological station. 

According to our counts we took part in five successful joint operations against illegal possession of ionizing radiation sources with the law-enforcement organs. 

HPhe Fricke dosimeter (ferrous sulfate solutions) has been used to measure A the radiation intensity of various types of ionizing radiation sources since its development by Fricke and Morse in 1927 (2). It is widely accepted because it yields accurate and reproducible results with a minimum of care. This system meets many of the requirements specified for an ideal dosimeter (5, 9) however, it has a limited dose range, and for our applications it has been necessary to develop a dosimeter covering larger doses. Of the systems reviewed (6, 7), two (ferrous sulfate-cupric sulfate and ceric sulfate) showed the most promise for use with the radiation sources at the U. S. Army Natick Laboratories (8). Of these, the ferrous-cupric system has received the most use, and this paper describes our experience in using this system and suggests procedures by which it may be used by others with equal success. 

Ionizing Radiation Sources and Biological Effects. New York, United Nations. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (1981) Technical basis for estimating fission product behaviour during LWR accidents. Report NUREG-0772, Washington, D.C. 

Because everyone is exposed to low radiation doses from natural and human-generated ionizing radiation sources during their lifetimes, it is important to understand the potential adverse effects from such exposures as well as those that could occur as a result of high-level radiation exposures associated with infrequent events such as nuclear accidents, radiotherapy for cancer, or exposure as a result of use of a radiological (dirty bomb) or nuclear weapon. 

Primary or secondary fluorocarbon radicals formed from exposure of PTFE to an ionizing radiation source react with dioxygen to form perfluoroalkylperoxy radicals. These give rise to perfluoroalkoxy radicals which can then decompose as indicated below [790] ... 

Ionizing Radiation Sources and Biological Effects, United Nations 1982. 

Warnings Warnings should mark locations and equipment where there are ionizing radiation sources. Figure 22-2 shows the standard ionizing radiation symbol. Packaging and... 

Ionizing radiation sources AU Events—Potentially releasable material... 

---