Quinine tablets

About this time, Mr. Jacob Dunton, of Philadelphia, began to compress a variety of formulas, including quinine tablets, on a machine of the Brockeden pattern. 

The compound quinine has been reported to cause thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (a disorder that causes blood clots to form in small blood vessels and leads to a low platelet count) in sensitive individuals. This condition has been associated with use of quinine tablets and tonic water containing quinine. Individuals can become sensitized to cinchona alkaloids and develop sudden reactions after long-term use (Belkin 1967 Brasic and Baltimore 2001 Howard et al. 2003). 

Long before the age of plastics and nylons, I. G. Farben-industrie was known to many Americans as simply the world s best druggist. Every reputable pharmacy, every physician s bag, every good family medicine cabinet, stocks some of Farben s 6000 medicines. The firm invented a drug that is still the best cure for epilepsy. They made atabrine, the quinine-substitute for treating malaria. And from the aspirin tablet alone, I. G. Farben made a vast fortune. 

Uncomplicated infections with chloroquine-resistant P falciparum Quinine sulfate, 650 mg 3 times daily for 3-7 days Malarone, 4 tablets (total of 1 g atovaquone, 400 mg proguanil) daily for 3 days... 

While Captagon tablets analyzed by UNODC in the early 1990s still contained fenethyline, Captagon tablets in later years contained typically amphetamine and caffeine, but not fenethyline. However, a number of other substances were found in some of the tablets, including quinine and theophyline. The Interpol data suggest that out of the total of 111.5 million tablets seized in 2006, 36 million were Captagon tablets and the rest were amphetamine tablets. 

The choice of the mobile phase is very important, as fluorescence is sensitive to fluorescence quenchers. Highly polar solvents, buffers, and halide ions quench fluorescence. The pH of the mobile phase is also important to fluorescence efficiency for example, quinine and quinidine only display fluorescence in strongly acidic conditions, whereas oxybarbiturates are only fluorescent in a strongly alkaline solution [67,68]. Due to the stability of the chromatographic sorbents, the use of very acidic or basic mobile phase may not be possible. One alternative is to alter the effluent pH postcolumn. Postcolumn addition of sulfuric acid has been used for the assay of ethynodiol diacetate and mestranol in tablets [69]. Another example is the determination of tetracycline antibiotics in capsules and syrup where EDTA and calcium chloride were added to enhance fluorescence [70]. 

Choulis, N., and Papadopoulos, H. (1975), Timed-release tablets containing quinine sulfate, / Pharm. Sci., 64,1033-1035. 

A quinine satf 600 mg 8-hourly by mouth for 7 days followed by pyrimethamine plus sulfadoxine (Fansidar) 3 tablets as a single dose. Where there is resistance to Fansidar, doxycycline 200 mg, should be given after the course of quinine daily for at least 7 days. This additional therapy is necessary as quinine alone tends to be associated with a higher rate of relapse. 

Pyrimethamine acts synergistically with suifadoxine (as Fansidar) to inhibit folic acid metabolism (see antifols, above) suifadoxine is excreted in the urine. The combination is chiefly used with quinine to treat acute attacks of malaria caused by susceptible strains of Plasmodium falciparum a single dose of pyrimethamine 75 mg plus suifadoxine 1.5 g (3 tablets) usually suffices. 

Otioroquine and Chloroquine Phosphate. Chlor-oquine (Aralen HCI) can be considered the prototypical struclure lhal succeeded quinine and came into use in the mid-1940s. The phosphate salt (Aralen Phosphate) is used in oral dosage forms (tablets), and ihe hydrochloride. sail is administered parenierally. Until recently, chloroquine was... 

Quinine in a 1.664-g antimalarial tablet was dissolved in sufficient 0.10 M HCl to give 500 mL of solution. A 15.00-mL aliquot was then diluted to 100.0 mL with the acid. The fluorescence intensity for the diluted sample at 347.5 nm provided a reading of 288 on an arbitrary scale. A standard 100-ppm quinine solution registered 180 when measured under conditions identical to those for the diluted sample. Calculate the mass in milligrams of quinine in the tablet. 

The determination in Problem 27-12 was modified to use the standard addition method. As before, a 2.196-g tablet was dissolved in sufficient O.IO M HCl to give 1.000 L. Dilution of a 20.00-mL aliquot to 100 mL gave a solution with a reading of 540 at 347.5 nm. A second 20.00-mL aliquot was mixed with 10.0 mL of 50 ppm quinine solution before dilution to 100 mL. The fluorescence intensity of this solution was 600. Calculate the concentration in parts per million of quinine in the tablet. 

In P. falciparum (chloroquine-resistant) infections, a dose of 750 mg mefloquine followed by 500 mg 12 hours later is recommended. The pediatric dose of mefloquine is 15 mg/kg (<45 kg) followed by 10 mg/kg 8 to 12 hours later.Intravenous quinidine gluconate followed by oral quinine should be administered for severe illness, as already indicated.A second drug needs to be administered in chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum, and this second drug should follow the oral quinidine regimen either a single dose of three tablets of pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (Fansidar) on the last day of intravenous quinidine or clindamycin 900 mg three times daily for 3 to 5 days. An alternative oral treatment for chloroquine-resistant P falciparum infection in adults, especially in those with a history of seizures or psychiatric disorders, is the combination of atovaquone 250 mg and proguanil 100 mg (Malarone) (4 tablets daily... 

Quinine sulfate 325-mg and 650-mg tablets Acute malaria Cinchonism Flushing, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (levels over 10 mcg/mL) Card. Hypotension, widening of QRS complex Hemat. Hemolysis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia When drug is administered IV, it should be administered by slow infusion (600 mg over 8 h) close monitoring of vitals and ECG Avoid use IM administration 9, 23-25, 27... 

Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (fansidar). This combination is available for oral use only in tablets containing 25 mg pyrimethamine and 500 mg sulfadoxine. One dose is taken by mouth on the last day of quinine sulfate therapy Adults take 3 tablets children 5-10 kg, 0.5 tablet 11-14 kg, 0.75 tablet 15-20 kg, 1 tablet 21-30 kg, 1.5 tablets 31 0 kg, 2 tablets 41-50 kg, 2.5 tablets over 50 kg, 3 tablets. Owing to extensive drug resistance, pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine should be used as an adjunct treatment primarily in young children or women who are not able to tolerate clindamycin. 

II. Toxic dose. Quinine sulfate is available in capsules and tablets containing 130-325 mg. The minimum toxic dose is approximately 3-4 g in adults 1 g has been fatal in a child. 

After Allied troops had captured Tunis in May of 1943, the drug fell together with pharmacological reports into the hands of Americans, who confirmed back home its superior efficacy compared to quinine and atabrine. The latter, an acridine dye, also known as mepacrine, originated as well from the discovery programme at Bayer and was first synthesised by Fritz Mietzsch and Hans Mauss and tested by Walter Kikuth around 1932. Bayer s collaboration and distribution partner in the US, Winthrop Chemical Corporation, had increased its production of atabrine by 1944 to annually 3,500 million tablets, with an additional 2 million tablets from the British ICl, in support of Allied forces. The... 

A packer of chloroquine sulfate tablets developed an airborne dermatitis on his eyelids, face, and forearms 8 months after starting this work. Patch testing was positive, although not to quinine sulfate, a chemical analogue of chloroquine (Kellet and Beck 1984). 

The various salts of quinine are incorporated into a number of official preparations such as syrups and tablets. The simpler formulations can be assayed by a spectrophotometric method based upon the absorption characteristics in the ultra-violet. For example, in N sulphuric acid, quinine hydrochloride has two absorption maxima at 250 m/i and 347 m/, the E(1 per cent, 1 cm) values being about 730 and 140 respectively. However, this technique is not applicable to the more complex samples such as Easton s Syrup or Tablets without first extracting the quinine and a... 

Tablets of Quinine Bisulphate, B.P. Usually contain 5 grains of quinine bisulphate and are sugar-coated.

For chemical assay, complete disintegration of the tablets with dilute hydrochloric acid is necessary. After filtration from acid-insoluble matter an aliquot part is first washed in acid solution with chloroform before making alkaline and extracting the quinine in the usual way. 

Tablets of Ferrous Phosphate with Quinine and Strychnine, B.P.C. (Easton s Tablets)...

---