Quantity of gas

In addition to reformate, reforming provides hydrogen, an important byproduct, and a small quantity of gas and LPG. 

The most important use of the real gas law is to calculate the volume which a subsurface quantity of gas will occupy at surface conditions, since when gas sales contracts are negotiated and gas is subsequently sold it is referred to in volumes at standard conditions of temperature (Tsc) and pressure (Psc). 

For the above reasons, gas Is typically economic to develop only if it can be used locally, i.e. if a local demand exists. The exception to this is where a sufficient quantity of gas exists to provide the economy of scale to make transportation of gas or liquefied gas attractive. As a guide, approximately 10 Tcf of recoverable gas would be required to justify building a liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant. Globally there are few such plants, but an example would be the LNG plant in Malaysia which liquefies gas and transports it by refrigerated tanker to Japan. The investment capital required for an LNG plant Is very large typically in the order of 10 billion. 

In some undersaturated reservoirs with non commercial quantities of gas but too much to flare, gas has be used to fuel gas turbines and generate electricity for local use. 

The quantity of gas taken up hy a sample of solid is proportional to the mass m of the sample, and it depends also on the temperature T, the pressure p of the vapour, and the nature of both the solid and the gas. If n is the quantity of gas adsorbed expressed in moles per gram of solid,... 

The quantity of gas adsorbed may of course be expressed in other ways, notably as the mass of gas (usually mg) or the volume of gas reduced to stp (usually cm (stp)). Unless immediate convenience dictates otherwise, however, the use of moles (or in some contexts, molecules) is to be preferred. In particular the common but loose expression volume of gas adsorbed at pressure p is highly ambiguous. 

Favor adsorption for small-scale desiccation operations soHd-phase desiccant systems are relatively simple to design and operate (generally are lowest cost alternative for processing small quantities of gas). 

The gravimetric method is accepted as the most accurate humidity-measuring technique. In this method a known quantity of gas is passed over a moisture-absorbing chemical such as phosphorus pent-oxide, and the increase in weight is determined. 

Description A tray or compartment diyer is an enclosed, insulated housing in which solids are placed upon tiers of trays in the case of particulate solids or stacked in piles or upon shelves in the case of large objects. Heat transfer may be direct from gas to sohds by circulation of large volumes of hot gas or indirect by use of heated shelves, radiator coils, or refractoiy walls inside the housing. In indirec t-heat units, excepting vacuum-shelf equipment, circulation of a small quantity of gas is usually necessary to sweep moisture vapor from the compartment and prevent gas saturation and condensation. Compartment units are employed for the heating and diying of lumber, ceramics, sheet materi s (supported on poles), painted and metal objects, and all forms of particulate solids. 

Gases Flammable gases are usually very easily ignited if mixed with air. Flammable gases are often stored under pressure, in some cases as a hquid. Even small leaks of a liquefied flammable gas can form relatively large quantities of gas, which is ready for combustion. 

Using air to supply the necessary oxygen, the following quantities of gas are present according to the above equation and given 1 kg of ammonia ... 

The ehanges in the various reaetions are never eomplete therefore, the amount of air required and, henee, the quantities of gas eireulated, are greater than those eorresponding to the theoretieal reaetions. 

Compressors have numerous forms, the exact configuration being based on the application. For comparison, the different types of compressors can be subdivided into two broad groups based on compression mode. There are two basic modes intermittent and continuous. The intermittent mode of compression is cyclic in nature, in that a specific quantity of gas IS ingested by the compressor, acted upon, and discharged, before the cycle is repeated. The continuous compression mode is one in which the gas is moved into the compressor, is acted upon, moved through the compressor, and discharged without interruption of the tlnv. at any point in the process. 

Cyclic tests can be perfonned in just a few months to simulate years of fill and discharge cycles. The adsorbent filled ANG tank is repeatedly charged with natural gas to a preset pressure, then discharged through a flow meter to determine the quantity of gas delivered from each cycle. 

Another property of importance is the pore volume. It can be measured indirectly from the adsorption and/or desorption isotherms of equilibrium quantities of gas absorbed or desorbed over a range of relative pressures. Pore volume can also be measured by mercury intrusion techniques, whereby a hydrostatic pressure is used to force mercury into the pores to generate a plot of penetration volume versus pres- sure. Since the size of the pore openings is related to the pressure, mercury intrusion techniques provide information on the pore size distribution and the total pore volume. 

The first stage of the cycle is the flow of molten polymer into the mould cavity through a standard feed system. Before this flow of polymer is complete, the injection of a predetermined quantity of gas into the melt begins through a special nozzle located within the cavity or feed system as shown in Fig. 4.45. The timing, pressure and speed of the gas injection is critical. 

Calor Gas Ltd. stores a small quantity of liquefied gas because it can be delivered readily hs pipelines from the neighboring oil refineries. The five tanks each storage about 60 tonnes capacity at ambient temperature. Three are tised for propane and two for butane. The total quantity of gas contained in filled cyl mders averages 500 tonnes. 

Joule s law The internal energy of a given quantity of gas depends only on its temperature and is independent of its pressure and volume. 

Calculate material balance, determining quantity of gas to be absorbed, and alkali required. 

Interruptibles As outlined in Section 19.1.4, some users are offered interruptible contracts. A condition of these is that the user must provide a standby fuel and that, when requested, he or she must switch to this fuel. Under peak demand conditions, the large quantity of gas that would be burnt (typically, for steam raising) is available for use by firm contract and tariff users. 

In a compressor, pressure is generated by pumping quantities of gas into a tank or other pressure vessel. Progressively increasing the amount of gas in the confined or fixed-volume space increases the pressure. The effects of... 

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