Quantification range

Quantification range the range of concentration, including ULOQ and LLOQ, that can be quantified reliably and reproducibly with accuracy and precision through the use of a concentration-response relationship. Recovery the extraction efficiency of an analytical process, reported as a percentage of the known amount of an analyte carried through the sample extraction and processing steps of the method. 

It would be worthwhile to consider that evaluation of the interference is performed through quantification of the interfering compound at a level below the LLOQ (criteria < 20%, i.e., outside the validated quantification range). Outside this range the accuracy of the results produced is unknown. The same considerations can be used for evaluation of the method carryover (see Section 8.3.7). 

In the following sections, different methods of establishing functional DNA-protein conjugates are discussed, following a short historic overview of IPCR method development. As IPCR offers additional advantages in addition to the obvious enhancement of sensitivity, the unique potential for multiplex detection and an increased linear quantification range of the method is introduced. We show how various ELISA types suitable for... 

Using the example of Aviscumin, IPCR demonstrated its properties as a high-resolution quantification tool in a very narrow quantification window between 0.1 and 6 pg of the analyte, as required for the application [73], This is a novel application for IPCR, as the method usually excels with its exceptionally broad quantification range. 

This experiment impressively demonstrated how an improved protein assay accessible by IPCR has significantly enhanced the opportunity for the early detection of potentially dangerous false-negative samples and emphasized the value of IPCR as a screening tool for low-level infections. Although IPCR sensitivity facilitates an early therapy, actual therapy monitoring and adaptation is supported by the broad dynamic quantification range. As the actual increase/decrease of the virus load is detectable in contrast to the simple qualitative presence/absence of the virus, detailed studies of therapy and medicament influences are possible. 

Pharmacotoxic and pharmacokinetic studies carried out for the new antitumor drug Aviscumine (rViscumin) were supported by a robust quantitative IPCR assay developed by Adler et al. [66, 85], The potency of this protein-based drug, derived from recombinant mistletoe lectine, required initial doses well below the quantification range accessible by conventional ELISA. An IPCR assay was adapted and validated for the quantification of rViscumin in standardized human serum [66, 85, 86] and subsequently... 

Finally, the quantification range can be increased The combination of ELISA and PCR techniques broadens the range of linear signal output, thus facilitating quantification [37]. 

Table 3 Sensitivity, quantification range, and linearity for the four metabolites...

The validated quantification range is between 5 and 6,250 pg/mL with good linearity (r2=0.992). An ultralow detection limit of 0.5 pg/mL (defined as S/N=3) was achieved for paclitaxel in cell lysates. This detection limit is 200-500 folds lower than conventional LC-MS/MS methods published previously. The LOQ was... 

Stop Solution Once the enzymatic reaction has progressed to the desired extent, the activity of the enzyme should be stopped so that the color intensity of the reaction mixture remains within the quantification range of the plate reader. This can be achieved by acidifying the reaction mixture with a dilute solution of sulfuric or hydrochloric acid, or by the addition of commercially available substrate-specific stop solutions. 

Laboratory Services Branch (USB) method E3389 of the Canadian Ministry of the Environment s Laboratory Services Branch is used for testing drinking water. The principle of the method is LC-UV after SPE followed by desorption of the OPPs with ethyl acetate. The sample extracts are evaporated to dryness and reconstituted in 1 ml acetonitrile. Limits of quantification range from 0.5 /rg/l for phorate to 28 /rg/1 for temephos. The other pesticides analyzed with this method are azinphos-methyl, chlorpyriphos, diazinon, dimethoate, parathion, malathion, terbufos. 

With certain toxicokinetic studies or therapeutic drugs dosed in high concentrations, the expected concentration in the sample may be well outside the quantification range as defined by the ULOQ. These samples must be diluted into the accepted range of the standard curve to determine an initial concentration and then multiplied by the dilution factor to determine the final concentration of the analyte in the sample. Although it is preferable to dilute the sample in matrix, in many cases, the process is performed in a buffer diluent. 

In summary, mainly two methods of analysis (LC-MS or GCMS) are used by laboratories worldwide, and based on the early indications of proficiency tests, it is difficult to say that one is more reliable than the other. Limits of quantification range from 30 to 50 (tg/kg for LC-MS down to 10-30 Xg/kg for GC-MS. However, it is quite clear that for the analysis of acrylamide at <30 Xg/kg level, GC-MS after bromination is the best approach. This approach has the advantage of adequate... 

Quantification Range The range of concentration, including ULOQ and LLOQ, that can be reliably and reproducibly quantified with accuracy and precision through the use of a concentration-response relationship. 

Li et al. (2013) presented an ultrahigh-performance LC-tandemmass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous quantification of seven plasma biotransformation products of sulfur mustard. Limits of quantification ranged from 0.01 to 5.0 pg/L. The main products found in rat plasma werebis-p-chloroethyl sulfoxide (SMO), TDG, TDG sulfoxide (TIX O), l,l -sulfonylbis-[2-S-(N-acetylcysteinyl) ethane] (SBSNAE), l,l -sulfonylbis-[2-(methylsulfinyl)eth-ane] (SBMSE) and l-methylsulfinyl-2-[2-(methylthio)ethyl-sulfonyl]ethane (MSMTESE). 

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