Quality control during pumping

Quality Control after Pumping/during Flowback.206... 

Quality control after pumping /during flowback... 

Water Chemistry. Sampling and analytical procedures, as well as quality control and assurance information for chemical and biological parameters, are described in detail elsewhere (e.g., 7-9). A brief summary of sampling and analytical methods is provided here. Water samples were collected biweekly during the ice-free season and every 5 weeks under the ice at depths of 0, 4, 6, 8, and 9 m in the north basin and 0, 4, and 6 m in the south basin. Water was pumped from depth by using a peristaltic pump and Tygon tubing and collected in prewashed polyethylene bottles. Alkalinity and pH were measured on unfiltered, unpreserved samples. 

Liquid mixed waste is generated in the HCF mainly during the quality control activities associated with the assessment of isotope product material. The mixed waste consists primarily of contaminated solvents, such as chloroform and ethyl acetate, and acids or bases. In addition, contaminated oils from pumps or cranes are assessed to determine if they must be categorized as mixed waste. The volume of liquid mixed waste generated annually is estimated to be 800 L during the processing of 1,500 targets each year. 

Incorporation of quality control measures during all aspects of an acid job can make the difference between success and failure. Quality control monitoring during the actual pumping of the treatment only is not sufficient. In addition, quality control steps must be planned and executed during rig-up of equipment, before pumping, and after pumping. 

Cycle Oil. Heavier, distillate range compounds formed during FCC processing can accumulate within the FCC fractionator. The primary fraction is called light cycle oil (LCO) and contains high percentages of monoaromatic and diaromatic compounds plus olefins and heavier branched paraffins. Unhydrotreated LCO is often quite unstable and has a very low cetane number. For this reason, it is blended into diesel fuel in controlled amounts. Heavy cycle oil and heavy naphtha are additional side cuts that can be produced. These streams can be pumped around to remove heat from the fractionator, used to supply heat to other refinery units, or used as low-quality blendstock component. 

During start-up, the RO skid inlet pneumatic valve opens automatically, and RO pretreated water starts flowing to the RO high-pressure pump. The membranes are flushed for 60 s at line pressure, and the permeate is diverted to the water reuse tank. When the RO pump inlet pressure exceeds the minimum permissible value (see Table 4.5), the pump starts. Initially, the permeate is diverted to the water reuse tank for a few minutes to allow the product water conductivity to drop below the maximum permissible value. At the end of the quality rinse phase, the RO permeate is diverted to the RO product water storage tank via the service manual valve. The permeate service and divert valves are controlled manually (automatic valves are also used). RO membrane post-shutdown flushing is recommended by membrane manufacturers to prevent scaling. 

The purification and boron reactivity control system serves to maintain the required primary coolant quality during operation and for periodic removal of excessive boron (15-20 times for core life) thus compensating the fuel bumup. The system includes a recuperator, cooler, pumps and ion-exchangers. 

During normal operations, checklists and samples are collected as advanced instrumentation monitors the process. The types of problems a fired heater or furnace system typically encounter include flame impingement on tubes, coke buildup inside the tubes, hot spots inside the furnace, fuel composition changes, burner flameout, control valve failure, and feed-pump failure. Other problems may include incorrect temperature indicator readings, failure of oxygen analyzers, oxygen leaks on the furnace, and the unexpected shutdown of downstream equipment. A fired heater system is designed to run almost continuously, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The operational team is in place to ensure that the equipment and systems operate safely, effectively, and produce a quality product that meets or exceeds customer expectations. 

Papermakers operate their process to optimise production, quality, and cost objectives. Therefore, it may be necessary to monitor and control surface deposition to allow for an appropriate period of operation prior to maintenance and cleaning. During this period of operation, deposits accumulate throughout the whitewater loop in the process. A stream of whitewater is continuously pumped through the OFM, so deposition measurements can be made. The unit of measure is the fouling index . The fouling index is measured every hour so that trends can be established. These trends can be used for the following objectives ... 

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