Quadrupole Fourier transform mass

D. F. Hunt, J. Shabanowitz, R. T. Mclver, Jr., R. L. Hunter, and J. E. P. Syka, "Ionization and Mass Analysis of Nonvolatile Compounds by Particle Bombardment Tandem-Quadrupole Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry," Anal. Chem., 57, 765-768 (1985). 

Figure 2.17 Quadrupole Fourier transform mass spectrometer (FTMS). Reprinted with permission from Ref [8]. 2003 American Chemical Society.

The detector in capillary electrophoresis is the main component in nanoanalyses. Many detectors can be used for this purpose but the mass spectrometer is the best one due to its wide ranges and low concentration detection capabilities. In the last few years, time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) instruments have come onto the market and are available in many sizes, but small instruments are preferred in NCE. Bruker (Billerica, MA) has provided a micro-TOF-MS-LC (2x2x4 feet) system for nanoanalyses. Bruker also introduced a Q-q-FTMS (Fourier transform mass spectrometer) for proteomics called the APEX-QE. It offers fast, dual quadrupoles, which provides the first stages followed by FTMS for the highest mass accuracy. It can be coupled to NCE and controlled by Bmker s ProteinScape work flow and warehousing... 

Connect to http //chemistry.brookscole.com/skoogfac/. From the Chapter Resources menu, choose Web Works and locate the Chapter 32 section. Find the link to LC-GC magazine. From the LC-GC home page, search for articles on LC/MS. Find an article, written in 2001, that compares mass analyzers for LC/MS applications. What are the most common ionization sources used for LC/MS Describe any differences in mass range and mass resolution between quadrupole, time-of-flight, and ion-trap (Fourier transform) mass analyzers. Do these three mass analyzers show any differences in qualitative and quantitative analysis ... 

A number of mass analyzers in use today have been coupled to these sources. These include two- and three-dimensional quadrupole field, time-of-flight (TOF), quadrupole-TOF hybrids, magnetic sector, and Fourier transform mass spectrometers. Paramount to the mass spectrometer analyzer used in the analysis is proper sample preparation. With proper preparation of proteins and peptides, their molecular weights can be determined with high mass accuracy. Conversely, a poorly prepared sample will lead to poor or no mass spectrometer results. For peptides and proteins, the mass accuracy is typically better than 0.01%. 

Along with advances in various ionization sources, significant improvements have been made in the area of mass analyzers. Mass analyzers can be differentiated based on several attributes such as scan speed, duty cycle, mass resolution, mass range, and cost [126], The most common analyzers used for metabonomics analyses include the quadrupole and TOF-based analyzers [125-127], Some other analyzers that have been reported for use in MS-based metabonomics analyses are the ion traps, Orbitraps, and Fourier transform mass spectrometers [128,129],... 

Other Mass Analyzers. Other analyzers, such as quadrupole ion trap (QIP) and Fourier transform mass spectrometer (FTMS), are of some interest for proteomics. The quadrupole ion trap mass analyzer was devised by Wolfgang Paul it works on the principle of trapping ions with a particular RF in the quadrupole mass analyzer. This device provides a way to eject ions of certain radio frequency and retain the others, only the latter are allowed to reach the detector by scanning ions of a particular radio frequency. In this method, the selected ions can be subjected to fragmentation by collision-induced dissociation (CID), which is useful for the analysis of peptides. 

Munson and Field reported in 1966 on a technique of ionizing molecules by gas phase ion-molecule reactions, which they called chemical ionization (Cl). In this way, break-up of the molecules can be greatly reduced or even avoided. Thus, measured ion currents can be correlated with the densities of the respective parent neutral compounds, allowing for on-line monitoring of rather complex gas mixtures. The fundamental principles of gas phase ion chemistry on which Cl is based, as well as the instrumentation for Cl, have been reviewed in great detail by Harrison." The wide variety of Cl methods that has been developed includes Medium Pressure Mass Spectrometry, Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry, Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry, Pulsed Positive Ion-Negative Ion Chemical Ionization, and Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry (API-MS). Of these, API-MS has developed into a very reliable and widely used technique for analysis of VOCs in flavor release studies and human breath. A variety of API-MS applications in these fields of research has been described in a recent volume by Roberts and Taylor. ... 

Once the polymer molecules have been transferred to the gas phase as ions, they are separated on the basis of their mass-to-charge ratio. Mass spectrometers nsed for MALDI analysis may differ, but for those that are commercially available, separation is effected by TOE Other methods such as quadrupole filter and Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) may also be used. 

Hendrickson, C.L. Quinn, J.P. Emmett, M.R. Marshall, A.G. Mass-selective external ion accumulation for Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. 49th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics. May 27-31, 2001. Chicago, IL. Patrie, S.M. Charlebois, J.P. Whipple, D. Kelleher, N.L. Hendrickson, C.L. Quinn, J.P. Marshall, A.G. Mukhopadhyay, B. Construction of a hybrid quadrupole/Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer for versatile MS/MS above 10 kDa J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 75(7), 1099-1108. 

Volume rv is entitled Theory and Instrumentation and is composed of six parts Fundamentals, New Ion Trapping Techniques, Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry, Quadrupole Rod Sets, 3D-Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry, and Photochemistry of Trapped Ions. 

Cl. A. Brock, D. M. Horn, E. C. Peters, C. M. Shaw, C. Eiricson, Q. T. Fung, and A. R. Salomon, An automated matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization quadrupole-Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. Anal. Chem. 75, 3419-3428 (2003). 

Patrie SM, Charlebois JP, Whipple D, KelleherNL, Hendrickson CL, Quitm JP, Marshall AG, Mukhopadhyay B. Construction of a hybrid quadrupole Fourier transform ion cy-elotron resonance mass spectrometer for versatile MS MS above 10 kDa. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2004 15 1099 108. 

Mclver TT Jr, Hunter RL, Bowers WD. Coupling a quadrupole mass-spectrometer and a fourier-transform mass-spectrometer. Int J Mass Spectrom Ion Proc. 1985 64 67 77. 

In environmental analysis, there has been increasing use of TOF, quadrupole. ion-trap, and Fourier transform mass spectrometers in addition to desorption ionization methods such as MALDI. Detection and quantitative determination of such widely diverse contaminants as perfluoroorganics, polybromi-nated diphenyl ethers, pharmaceuticals, byproducts of water disinfection, pesticides, algal toxins, surfactants, methyl-t-butyl ether, arsenic, and various microorgan-i.sms are now carried out using mass spectrometric methods. Mass spectrometry is also used to determine compounds of interest in homeland security. ... 

Laser-microprobe mass spectrometers are used for the study of solid surfaces. Ablation of the surface is accomplished with a high-power, pulsed laser, usually a Nd-YAG laser. After frequency quadrupling, theNd-YAG laser can produce 266-nm radiation focused to a spot as small as 0.5 pm. The power density of the radiation within this spot can be as high as 10to 10" W/cm. On ablation of the surface a small fraction of the atoms are ionized. The ions produced are accel crated and then analyzed, usually by tlme-of-flight mass spectrometry. In some cases laser microprobes have been combined with quadrupole ion traps and with Fourier transform mass spectrometers. Laser-microprobe tandem mass spectrometry is also receiv-... 

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