Pyrophosphate hydrolysis

The product of this reaction is geranyl pyrophosphate Hydrolysis of the pyrophosphate ester group gives geramol a naturally occurring monoterpene found m rose oil... 

The same strategy has been applied to the recognition of pyrophosphate ions P20) (PPi). A-9 (Figure 10.32) binds these ions over 2000 times more tightly than phosphate ions, permitting the real-time monitoring of pyrophosphate hydrolysis. 

Korman, E. F., Me Lick, J. Stereochemical reaction mechanism formulations for enzyme-catalyzed pyrophosphate hydrolysis, ATP hydrolysis, and ATP synthesis. Bioorganic Chem. 2, 179—190 (1973). 

The transfer of the adenylyl group from ATP to a tyrosine residue is used to regulate some enzymes. The other product of the adenylylation reaction (top) is inorganic pyrophosphate. Hydrolysis of the adenylyl-tyrosine ester bond releases AMP (bottom). 

Isopentenyl pyrophosphate acts as an alkylating agent toward famesyl pyrophosphate. Alkylation is followed by loss of a proton from the carbocation intermediate, giving geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. Hydrolysis of the pyrophosphate yields geranylgeraniol. 

Ligases (joining two molecules often coupled with pyrophosphate hydrolysis)... 

Recently, Czamik et al. have reported the use of the acyclic protonated amine host 9 as a chemosensor of pyrophosphate. Typical fluorescence sensing methods rely on the ability of a complexed anion to quench the fluorophore. The fluorescence intensity of host 9, however, is actually increased upon complexation of anions and its 2200-fold selectivity of pyrophosphate over phosphate allows for real-time assay of pyrophosphate hydrolysis by inorganic pyrophosphatase.18... 

Cation-motive ATPases P-type Na+,K+ pyrophosphate Hydrolysis of ATP Animal and plant... 

The pyrophosphate hydrolysis, although not coupled to any particular endergonic reaction, still ensures completion of the forward reaction or process (e.g., activation of fatty acids and amino acids, synthesis of nucleotides and polynucleotides). 

Lomashvili KA, Garg P, Narisawa S et al (2008) Upregulation of alkaline phosphatase and pyrophosphate hydrolysis potential mechanism for luremic vascular calcification. Kidney Int 73 1024-1030... 

Pyrophosphate hydrolysis is a key step driving many biosynthetic reactions. Uridine triphosphate is similar to ATP and GTP, with the substitution of the nitrogen base uridine for either adenine or guanidine. Uridine diphosphate is abbreviated UDP, as were the diphosphates of adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and guanosine diphosphate (GDP). 

If you look at older biochemistry textbooks, you will see that many of them list the AG° for pyrophosphate hydrolysis as a much more negative number, between -7 and -8 kcal/mol. A recent paper by Perry A. Frey (Biochem. 34[ 1995] 11307) shows that the... 

The Czarnik group then prepared compound 2, which has two polyamine chains at the 1- and 8-positions of anthracene, as a fluorescence chemosensor toward pyrophosphate (PPi) [14]. To effectively bind both phosphates of PPi simultaneously, the polyamine chains were geometrically preorganized. The dissociation constant (K ) for the 2-PPi complex was found to be 2.9 xM, whereas that for 2-phosphate was 6.3 mM. In particular, chemosensor 2 displayed a 2200-fold pyrophosphate/phosphate discrimination at pH 7 (Scheme 2). Such high ion selectivity allows a real-time assay of pyrophosphate hydrolysis catalyzed by inorganic phosphatase. 

Bromoacetylpyridinio-n-butyladeno-sine pyrophosphate, 257 [4 (3-Bromoacetylpyridinio) -n-butyl] -adenosine pyrophosphate, 255 (Bromoacetylpyridiniopropyl)adenosine pyrophosphate, hydrolysis rates, 254, 255... 

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