Pyrethroids deltamethrin

Anthrahydroquinones have been patented in Japan as bird repeUents (73), and anthraquinone [84-65-1] (qv) is used widely in Europe as a spray to protect growing crops and as a wood dressing. The synthetic pyrethroid deltamethrin [52918-63-5] (27) was evaluated (74), as were other materials, including bendiocarb (20) (75) and 20,25-dia2ocholesterol dihydrochloride [1249-84-9] (Omitrol) (28), a steroid that inhibits embryo development when adsorbed or ingested as a seed treatment of bait com (55,76). 

Taylor, K.S., G.D. Waller, and L.A. Crowder. 1987. Impairment of a classical conditioned response of the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) by sublethal doses of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. Apidologie 18 243-252. Theophilidis, G., M. Benaki, and E. Papadopoulu-Mourkidou. 1997. Neurotoxic action of six pyrethroid insecticides on the isolated sciatic nerve of a frog (Rana ridibunda). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 118C 97-103. Tippe, A. 1987. Evidence for different mechanisms of action of the three pyrethroids, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, and fenvalerate, on the excitation threshold of myelinated nerve. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 28 67-74. 

As previously mentioned, early in vivo acute toxicity studies indicated that the action of Type II pyrethroids on the nervous system was different from that of the Type I pyrethroids. Deltamethrin decreased the acetylcholine content of the cerebellum, whereas DDT, a well-established voltage-sensitive sodium channel agonist, and cismethrin, caused no significant reduction [2]. 

Tabarean IV, Narahashi T (1998) Potent modulation of tetrodotoxin-sensitive and tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels by the type II pyrethroid deltamethrin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 284 958-965... 

Forshaw PJ, Lister T, Ray DE (1993) Inhibition of a neuronal voltage-dependent chloride channel by the type II pyrethroid, deltamethrin. Neuropharmacology 32 105-111... 

Lee, H.J., G. Shan, T. Watanabe, et al. 2002. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the pyrethroid deltamethrin. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50 5526-5532. 

The pyrethroids deltamethrine and cypermethrine as well as toluylfluanide and dichlofluanide are even further destroyed. At 450 °C they lost 80-98 % of their initial concentration and at 580 C destruction rate is between 90 and 99 % (see Fig. 4). DDT is already completely destroyed at 450 C. 

Both type I and II pyrethroids cause marked adrenal activation in rats, probably by a direct activation of norepinephrine release. The type II pyrethroid deltamethrin causes increased corticosteroid secretion, and even moderate pyrethroid poisoning occurs against a background of profound adrenal activation - with corresponding behavioral and cardiovascular consequences. With only type II pyrethroids there is also a direct increase in cardiac contractility, although blood pressure remains well controlled. 

Deltamethrin (Decis ) Pyrethroid Cyfluthrin (Baythroid ) Pyrethroid Deltamethrin Pyrethroid Prochloraz Imidazole Voltage-gated sodium channel Voltage-gated sodium channel Voltage-gated sodium channel Cytochrome P-450 [49]... 

Only few studies have been conducted to analyze the toxicokinetic properties of types I and II in laboratory animals [27-29]. The lipophilicity of pyrethroids also enables rapid access to tissues, including the CNS. Non-cyano pyrethroids (permethrin) as well as cyano pyrethroids (deltamethrin and cyhalothrin) have an accumulation in the nervous tissues [25, 28, 29]. The toxicokinetic behavior of these pyrethroids revealed prolonged elimination half-lives (typically in the order of 10 h but may be larger) and high concentrations in several regions of the brain... 

Content in wheat = 100%. Bloresmethrin occurs in resmethrin and makes 35-40% of that insecticide. Unlike other pyrethroids, deltamethrin consists of one pure compound. ... 

SEVATDAHL, s. HORSBERG, T.E. (2003) Determination of reduced sensitivity in sea hce (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krpyer) against the pyrethroid deltamethrin using bioassays and probit modeUing. Aquaculture, 218,21-31. 

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