Purple coneflower

The purple coneflower Echinacea purpura, and its close relatives, E. angustifolia and E. pallida, are the source of the herb Echinacea, which is widely popular as a nonspecific immune stimulant. These perennials are native to the prairies of North America and are now widely grown garden ornamentals. The root and aerial parts of the plant are the portions used, and the preparation s potency can be verified by the transient tingling sensation produced when it is tasted. Echinacea contains alkamides, caffeic acid esters (echinacoside, cichoric acid, caftaric acid), polysaccharides (heteroxylan), and an essential oil. Some echinacea products are standardized for their echinacoside content. In the past, adulteration with American feverfew (Parthenium integri-folium) was common. Echinacea is now sold either by itself or in combination with golden seal or zinc for the treatment of colds and influenza. 

Echinacea, coneflower, narrow -leaved purple coneflower, Rudbeckia)... 

Echinacea. The several varieties of this plant, also called the purple coneflower, are used to strengthen the body s immune system and for both prevention and treatment of colds and flu. Sixteen clinical trials involving over 3,000 patients have produced mixed results. In some of the studies, echinacea reduced the severity and duration of colds and flu. However, the evidence that this herb can actually prevent colds and flu is weak at best. 

Echinacea (pronounced ek-a-NAY-sha) or purple coneflower is a perennial plant in the Compositae or daisy family (Foster, 1985). Traditional literature has reported that nine species of Echinacea exists in nature. However, under a new reclassification system, eight varieties are categorized under only four species (Binns et al., 2002a). Echinacea (E.) pallida var. angustifolia (hereafter referred to as E. angustifolia) and E. purpurea are the most common species of Echinacea. E. angustifolia is a wild flower in North... 

Gray, D., Roberts, C., Rottinghaus, G., Garrett, H., and Pallardy, S. 2001. Quantification of root chicoric acid in purple coneflower by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Crop Sci. 41, 1159-1161. 

Hall III, C., Schwarz, J., Shultz, K., 2001. The antioxidant activity of the purple coneflower (Echinacea). Abstracts of the 92nd AOCS Annual Meeting Expo, May 13-16, Minneapolis, MN. (http //www.aocs.org/archives/am2001 wp.htm). 

Echinacea (purple coneflower) Echinops (globe thistle)... 

Purple, daisylike petals surround the prickly, brown centers of purple coneflower s [Echinacea purpurea) 1 "-4" wide blossoms. Plants grow 3-4 tall and bloom from early summer until frost. The cone-shaped centers persist throughout the winter, providing interest after the petals have fallen. Pale cone-flower [E. pallida) has creamy white petals. 

Japanese beetles can quickly skeletonize the foliage of purple coneflowers. See Leaves and/or flowers with holes on page 176 for... 

Poplar, Populus Poppy, Papaver Pot marigold. Calendula Primrose, Primula Privet, Ligustrum Purple coneflower. Echinacea Pyracantha, Pyracantha Red cedar, Juniperus Rhododendron, Rhododendron Rock cress, Arab is Rose, Rosa... 

Echinacea, better know as the purple coneflower, is a plant native to the United State and can be found growing as a wildflower in the prairies of the Great Plains states and as far south as Texas. The flowers are a rich purple and the florets are seated round a high cone. It has a faint aromatic smell, with a sweetish taste that leaves a tingling sensation, an indication of isobutylamides. 

Lee, I.M., Bottner, K.D., Dally, E.L. and Davis, R.E. (2008). First report of Purple Coneflower phyllody associated with a 16SrI-B phytoplasma in Maryland. Plant Disease, 92 654. 

Radisek, S., Ferant, N., Jakse, J. and Javomik, B. (2009). Identification of a phytoplasma from the aster yellows group infecting purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) in Slovenia. Plant Pathology, 58 392. 

The root of the purple coneflower E. purpurea contains similar compounds as well as polyacetylenes and glycoproteins, while the root of E. pallida (pale coneflower) contains caffeoyl derivatives such as echinacoside and ketopolyines together with small amounts of polysaccharides and glycoproteins. 

A formula provided by herbalist Michael Tierra has multiple ingredients (Walters, 1993, p. 139). Its principal components are chaparral and echinacea (or purple coneflower), plus red clover blossoms, cascara sagrada, astralagus, ginseng roots, and other herbs. Another formula supphed has chaparral, echinacea root, pau d arco, and red clover blossoms. Echinacea root itself is apparently in renewed favor as an anticancer agent. 

Used against certain types of cancer used by the Sioux against rabies. Also called purple coneflower. 

Chaste tree berry (fruit of the Vitex angus-castus) premenstrual syndrome Dong quai (dried root) menopausal symptoms, premenstrual syndrome Echinacea (purple coneflower) inunune system booster, topical, preventative Feverfew (dried leaves) migraines Garlic (fresh dried bulb) cholesterol... 

This is an extract of the purple coneflower plant. It is a popular item in health food stores for self medicating. European studies indicate that it reduces the severity of cold and flu symptoms and is believed to increase the production of white blood cells. It is used by Native Americans as an antiviral agent. It should not be used for more than seven days as it can suppress the immune function. 

OCN narrow-leaf echinacea Kansas snakeroot narrow-leaf purple coneflower Part root, seed... 

Benefit and risks of the squeezed sap of the purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) for long-term oral immunostimulant therapy ... 

The purple coneflower (Genus Echinacea), indigenous only to North America, was widely used for many medicinal purposes by the American Indians of the Great Plains and subsequently adopted by white settlers. An extract of . angustifolia (narrow-leaved purple coneflower) was made available to medical practitioners by Lloyd Brothers Pharmacists Inc., at the end of the nineteenth century, and became widely used in the USA by eclectic physicians for infectious and inflammatory diseases [5]. With the introduction by the FDA of stricter requirements for testing of drugs, the use of Echinacea declined in the 1930 s, but its use in self-medication has seen a renaissance in recent years. Since 1994, herbal remedies have been defined as dietary supplements in the USA which has allowed manufacturers to make general claims about their efficacy. 

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