Pulmonary drug delivery aerosol

An ideal in vitro model for the characterization of aerosol formulations would incorporate cell types from various regions of the lung (tracheal, bronchial, and alveolar) and would facilitate simulation of deposition mechanisms by impaction, sedimentation, and diffusion of a high-metered singlebolus inhalation. In the future, such systems may reduce the need for animal studies and may offer to correlate in a predictive way the results from such in vitro tests to clinical bioavailability data after pulmonary drug delivery in vivo. 

Steimer A, Haltner E, Lehr CM (2005) Cell culture models of the respiratory tract relevant to pulmonary drug delivery. J Aerosol Med 18 137-182... 

Labiris NR, Dolovich MB. Pulmonary drug delivery. Part I physiological factors affecting therapeutic effectiveness of aerosolized medications. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003 56(6) 588-99. 

During normal nose breathing the majority of inhaled environmental particles are deposited in the nose and pharynx, as described in Chapter 9 (Section 9.2). Hence for pulmonary drug delivery, the aerosols are inhaled via the mouth. 

Key Words Dry powder inhalers (DPI) Pulmonary drug delivery Insulin Particle engineering Spray drying Liposomes Aerosol solvent extraction system (ASES) Technosphere insulin. 

Shoyele, S. A., and Slowey, A. (2006), Prospects of formulating proteins/peptides as aerosols for pulmonary drug delivery, Int. J. Pharm., 314,1-8. 

Pitcairn, G. R., Lankinen, T., Seppala, O. P, and Newman, S. P (2000), Pulmonary drug delivery from the taifun dry powder inhaler is relatively independent of the patient s inspiratory effort, J. Aerosol Med., 13, 97-104. 

Humberstone, V.C. Sant, A.J. van Rensburg, R.J. Piezoelectric Aerosol Inhalers Technology to Product, Conference Proceedings of New Horizons in Pulmonary Drug Delivery, October, 1-2, 1996. 

Advances in the equipment for the administration of aerosol medication to horses have facilitated the widespread use of inhalation therapy in equine medicine. Newer aerosolization devices ease administration and make pulmonary drug delivery efficient. Aerosol therapy is likely to become the mainstay of treatment for horses with heaves and may prove beneficial in the treatment of infectious respiratory disease in horses. 

PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY AND AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY... 

As it becomes increasingly probable that delivery of drugs as aerosols can be achieved readily, the focus can shift to the nature of the therapeutic agent and its physical and chemical stability in the required dosage forms. New chemical entities can be considered for delivery to the lungs to facilitate the control of pulmonary diseases or diseases that may be treated by pulmonary drug delivery. 

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