Publicly funded project

Under COST 68 bis, five Working Parties were established to co-ordinate the various areas of research. As a Concerted Action , no direct funding was available from the European Commission to finance research projects on sewage sludge, each country being expected to contribute its own publicly-funded projects to the common pool . 

FMC Corporation in Princeton, USA, one of the largest producers of hydrogen peroxide, works with Stevens Institute in Hoboken, USA, in a publicly funded project... 

Within the German public funded project p.PRO.CHEM, a concept for a continuously operated modularly assembled flexible pilot plants for highly exothermic two-phase liquid-liquid or gas-liquid reactions will be developed and validated [48]. The plant features process intensifying microprocess technologies. A goal of the project is the demonstration of the technical and economic feasibility of the plant concept on pilot scale with selected model processes. 

The German public funded project p-PR aims at the development, supply and testing of a microphotoreactor system in production experiments for chemical, pharmaceutical and biotechnological industry [51]. The reactor will be tested for exemplary applications of fine chemicals and photobiology. 

The German public funded project NEMESIS focuses on the design and development of microreactors for the synthesis of ionic liquids at pilot scale [52], Scientific objectives are to increase the yield of the corresponding ionic liquid as well as to decrease reaction time from hours up to days currently. Ionic liquids, a new innovative class of materials, are synthesized using microreaction technology. Possible application fields are their use as electrolytes for the elaborate deposition of metals. A concept for regeneration of the electrolyte is also considered. 

Dow Chemical in Midland, USA, the microprocess technologist Velocys in Plain City, USA, and PNNL in Richland, USA, as research institute in microreactor technology have a public funded project on high-intensity production of ethylene and other olefins by oxidation such as the formation of ethylene from ethane [1], A two-step reactor engineering is performed, starting with a bench-scale reactor with microchannel dimensions equal to the latter commercial unit and followed by numbering to the latter. An economic analysis with focus on reactor costs and energy consumption completes the project. 

Bayer Company operates several microprocess plants. Clariant GmbH has formed a competence center on microreaction technology in early 2004 to offer the technology in its custom synthesis business. Lonza has also used microreaction technology over years for pharmaceutical customers. The pharmaceutical company Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lucent Technologies, and the Stevens Institute work on a public funded project on hydrogenation reactions [84]. They started with a model reaction, the hydrogenation of o-nitroanisole to o-anisidine, and will move to proprietary reactions. 

The plentiful discussions with experts of international standardizations, colleagues, within the working groups, universities and presentations as well as the insights of diploma theses and public funding projects have contributed to this book. I would like to thank all the people involved for their shared passion for functional safety. Besides all the experts I especially want to thank my wife, who showed a lot of understanding and gave me the freedom and space to write this book. 

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