Induced psychotic disorder

Haverkos HW, Pinsky PF, Drotman DP, etal Disease manifestation among homosexual men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome a possible role of nitrites in Kaposi s sarcoma. Sex Transm Dis 12 203-208, 1985 Haverkos HW, Kopstein AN, Wilson H, et al Nitrite inhalants history, epidemiology, and possible links to AIDS. Environ Health Perspect 102 858-861, 1994 Hernandez-Avila CA, Ortega-Soto HA, Jasso A, et al Treatment of inhalant-induced psychotic disorder with carbamazepine versus haloperidol. Psychiatr Serv49 812— 815, 1998... 

Boutros NN and Bowers MB (1996). Chronic substance-induced psychotic disorders State of the literature. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 8, 262-269. 

Substance-induced Psychotic Disorder. Nearly every psychiatrist has had the... 

Various other psychotic disorders, such as brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, shared psychotic disorder, substance-induced psychotic disorder, and psychotic disorder not otherwise specified (94)... 

Substance-induced (i.e., drug-induced) psychotic disorders... 

Those disorders that require the presence of psychosis (Table 10—1) as a defining feature of the diagnosis include schizophrenia, substance-induced (i.e., drug-induced) psychotic disorder, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, shared psychotic disorder, and psychotic disorder due to a general medical condition. Disorders that may or may not have psychotic symptoms (Table 10—2) as an associated feature include mania and depression as well as several cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer s dementia. 

Schizophrenia and drug induced psychotic disorders require the presence of psychosis as a defining feature of the diagnosis. True or False. 

Such disorders are described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IVj. They include hallucinogen persisting perception disorder, hallucinogen-induced anxiety disorder, hallucinogen-induced mood disorder, and hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorders. These mental disorders... 

Olanzapine has been compared with haloperidol in cannabis-induced psychosis (54), schizoaffective disorder (55), first-episode psychosis (56), and treatment-resistant schizophrenia (57) the two last studies were reanalyses of data from large clinical trials promoted by the manufacturers, Eli Lilly. In all cases olanzapine was better than haloperidol at reducing BPRS scores, but in patients with cannabis-induced psychotic disorders they were similar. Increased appetite was consistently reported more often in olanzapine-treated patients and extrapyramidal signs more often in those treated with haloperidol. 

Berk M, Brook S, Trandafir AI. A comparison of olanzapine with haloperidol in cannabis-induced psychotic disorder a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1999 14(3) 177-80. 

Acute panic attacks and hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder often occur when people with pre-existing personality disorder or pre-psychotic personalities use hallucinogens. Suicide and self-injury have been reported. Prolonged psychotic disorders can occur, but psychiatric opinion is divided as to whether these occur only in people with pre-existing disorders or in healthy individuals as well. Flashbacks occur particularly when there has been prolonged heavy use, but eventually disappear (SED-11, 83) (1,2). Self-injury and suicide can result (3). 

Brief reactive psychosis Delusional disorder Schizophrenia Schizophreniform disorder Schizoaffective disorder Induced psychotic disorder... 

In induced psychotic disorder, the person develops psychosis as a result of an intense relationship and identification with someone who is already psychotic, for example, in folie a deux. Here the person typically has poorly defined self-other boundaries and will begin to mimic psychotic symptoms seen in the other individual. (Psychotic s)nnptoms seen in severe affective disorders and mania and depressive psychoses are covered in chapters 5 and 6.)... 

Substance-induced delirium Substance-induced psychotic disorder Substance-induced mood disorder Substance-induced persisting amnestic disorder Substance-induced anxiety disorder... 

Prevalence of adolescent experimentation with solvents in the United Kingdom averages 3.5%-10%, with approximately 100 deaths per year from solvent intoxication (Ramsey et al. 1989). Despite the lower Hispanic American rate in the United States, solvent abuse remains the most common adolescent addiction in Mexico City, Mexico. Mexican public psychiatric hospitals report frequent cases of inhalant-induced psychotic disorder (Doon 1990 Hernandez-Avila et al. 1998). 

Inhalant intoxication Inhalant intoxication delirium8 Inhalant-induced persisting dementia8 Inhalant-induced psychotic disorder,8 with delusions Inhalant-induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations Inhalant-induced mood disorder Inhalant-induced anxiety disorder ... 

Most inhalants or volatile substances are solvents, but the DSM-IV-TR text attributes only five of the eight disorders associated with inhalants to solvents substance-induced psychotic disorder, anxiety disorder, delirium, persisting amnestic disorder, and symptoms of dementia. The association of solvents with dementia is more controversial than their association with mood disorders, but DSM-IV-TR does not recognize mood disorder resulting from solvent exposure. These inconsistencies probably reflect incomplete fidelity between the literature and the psychiatric nosology rather than current opinion. 

Treatment consists primarily of abstinence and symptomatic management of withdrawal or related disorders. Carbamazepine and haloperidol have equal efficacy for treating inhalant-induced psychotic disorder (Hernandez-Avila et al. 1998). Risperidone may effectively treat the psychotic symptoms and craving for inhalants (Misra et al. 1999). 

Seebach J, lost R. Flumazenil-induced psychotic disorder in hepatic encephalopathy. Lancet 1992 339 488-9. 

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