PS/SMA

Himont (now Montell Polyolefins) introduced a family of PP-based blends under the trade name of Hivalloy . Some grades seem to be mechanical alloys of PP/PS, compatibilized and impact modified by incorporation of SEBS and EPR. Others are reactor-made — here porous grains of PP serve as reaction beds for the polymerization and grafting of PS, SMA, acryhcs, etc. 

PS, SMA, SAN, PMS or HIPS blended with SBS and an extending oil, then incorporated into PA, PEST, PPS, SAN, ABS, ASA, PC, PPE, PO, A general method for the production of a variety of foamable injection moldings Burnell, 1993... 

PA-6/PPE/PS/SMA Morphology/DSC/effect of different mixing protocols/also studied blends without PPE Tol et al. 2004, 2005... 

PA-6/PS/SMA MorphologyAheology/DMA/effects of processing conditions on blend properties Choi et al. 2006... 

PET/PS/SMA Melt mixing at 280 °C/morphology/ mechanical properties/thermal properties/ selective solvent extraction/viscosity change Yoon et al. 2000... 

Block copolymers comprised of PS and polymethacrylate blocks with aliphatic stearyl or decyl side groups were prepared by the sequential addition of monomers, as shown in Scheme 1. Styrene was polymerized in THF at - 78 °C using s-BuLi as the initiator [11,12]. The nucleophilicity of the living polystyryllithium was reduced by reaction with DPE (in order to avoid reactions with the carbonyl groups), followed by the polymerization of the methacrylate monomer. Stearyl methacrylate, SMA is associated with... 

PS PSF PSU PTFE PU PUR PVA PVAL PVB PVC PVCA PVDA PVDC PVDF PVF PVOH SAN SB SBC SBR SMA SMC TA TDI TEFE TPA UF ULDPE UP UR VLDPE ZNC Polystyrene Polysulfone (also PSU) Polysulfone (also PSF) Polytetrafluoroethylene Polyurethane Polyurethane Poly(vinyl acetate) Poly(vinyl alcohol) poly(vinyl butyrate) Poly(vinyl chloride) Poly(vinyl chloride-acetate) Poly(vinylidene acetate) Poly(vinylidene chloride) Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Poly(vinyl fluoride) Poly(vinyl alcohol) Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer Styrene-butadiene copolymer Styrene block copolymer Styrene butadiene rubber Styrene-maleic anhydride (also SMC) Styrene-maleic anhydride (also SMA) Terephthalic acid (also TPA) Toluene diisocyanate Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Terephthalic acid (also TA) Urea formaldehyde Ultralow-density polyethylene Unsaturated polyester resin Urethane Very low-density polyethylene Ziegler-Natta catalyst... 

Lee and Char [93] studied the reinforcement of the interface between an amorphous polyamide (PA) and polystyrene with the addition of thin layers of a random copolymer of styrene-maleic anhydride (with 8% MA) sandwiched at the interface. After annealing above the Tg of PS, they found significantly higher values of Qc for samples prepared with thinner layers of SMA than for the thicker ones. They initially rationalized their results by invoking the competition between the reaction rate at the interface and the diffusion rate of the SMA away from the interface. For very thick layers, and therefore also for pure SMA, the reaction rate was much faster than the diffusion rate away from the interface and favored therefore a multiple stitching architecture, as shown schematically in Fig. 50. Such an interfacial molecular structure does not favor good entanglements with the homopolymer and is mechanically weak. 

It should be noted, however, that in a later publication [94], Lee and Char pointed out that SMA is significantly more brittle than PS and this could also explain the lower fracture toughness of interfaces where a thick layer of nearly pure SMA is present close to the interface. 

None 200-220 PP, PS, HDPE, EVA, ABS, SMA, polyolefin copolymers, blends, cross-linked polymers... 

PP, polypropylene PS, polystyrene HDPE, high-density poylethylene EVA, ethylene vinyl acetate ABS, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene SMA, styrene maleic anhydride LDPE, low-density polyethylene LLDPE, linear low-density polyethylene. (From Ref. f)... 

PS with SAN, ABS and 15 - 50 wt% of SMA chemical foaming (NaHCOg) during injection molding Sprenkle, 1980... 

HOPE with PS and SEBS HIPS with HOPE SEBS LLDPE with SEBS PS, LLDPE and SEBS PP and PET reactively blended with maleated SEBS PA/PO/SEBS compatibilized by SMA PO with PA, PET and styrenics SBS, EVAc, PS and LLDPE or ULDPE PO with SEBS, SEPS, SEB grafted with maleic anhydride acrylic or sulfonic acid PP with either SBR, SBS, or an acrylic elastomer, and PP grafted with styrene... 

EO-CHR with ABS, HIPS, MBS, SMA or PS/PPE and an acryhc (co)polymer rapid dissipation of static charge, reduced delamination and improved ductihty Gaggar fa/., 1988 1989... 

For example, the effects of AN content on miscibility of SAN with PMMA was studied by measuring the thickness of the interphase [Higashida et al., 1995]. The effects of concentration, compatibilization and annealing for PA with either PS or PE (compatibUized by addition of 5 wt% of PP-MA or SMA) were studied by SEM [Chen et al., 1988]. Compatibilization reduced the diameter of dispersed phase by a factor of ten... 

PPE, with SAN, SMMA, SAA or SMA Miscibility of copolymers with PPE when the amount of comonomer is small. The interfacial energy between the blend components was significantly reduced by adding either a PS-b-PMMA, or PS-b-PEB-b-PMMA. The copolymers had a profound influence on morphology, phase adhesion and mechanical properties of the blend. Gottschalk et al., 1994... 

PA-6 (80) / PS (10-16) / SMA (2% MA) (4-10) internal mixer at 240°C / torque rheometry / SEM / selective solvent extraction / DSC / morphological stability to annealing / lap shear adhesion / comparison to PA-PS block copolymer compatibilized blends Park et at., 1992... 

PPE is not miscible with SMA containing as much as 28% MA [Witteler, et al., 1993]. To compatibilize these two resins, Koning, et al. [1996, 1993b] have added a monoamine-terminated PS that can form a graft copolymer with SMA. Since the amine-terminated PS is miscible with PPE, compatibilized PPE-SMA blends are obtained. Specifically, 30 parts of unfunctionalized PPE was blended (internal mixer at 220°C, mini-SSE at 280°C, or TSE at 326°C) with 56 parts SMA (28% MA) and 14 parts amine-functionalized PS. The blend was characterized by TEM, SEM, mechanical and thermal properties, DMA, and GPC copolymer detection. The effect... 

SMA or maleated EPR, PS, PE, PP, Either starches or proteins Vaidya and Bhattachaiya, 1994... 

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