Proximal tubule suspensions

Aleo, M.D., Wyatt, R.D. and Schnellmann, R.G. (1991). The role of altered mitochondrial function in citrinin-induced toxicity to rat renal proximal tubule suspensions. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 109 455 463. 

Sina, J.E, Bean, C.L., Noble, C. and Bradley, M.O. (1985). An in vitro nephrotoxicity assay utilizing proximal tubule suspensions from rabbit kidney. In In Vitro Toxicology, Vol 3. Mary Ann Liebert, New York, pp. 683-693. 

Wong et al, examined the effect of quinine and quinidine on the uptake of the organic cation amantidine (65), using rat renal cortical slices and proximal tubule suspensions. They observed a stereoselective inhibi tion of amantidine, with quinine being the significantly more potent inhibitory species. This is in direct conflict with the previous studies, which demonstrated either no stereoselective inhibition between the dia-stereoisomers or that quinidine is the more potent species in terms of renal transport. 

Significant increase in the cephaloridine-induced MDA generation was manifest in the proximal tubule suspensions while incubation of distal tubules with cephaloridine failed to increase MDA production tubule cell toxicity [36,41,50]. Exposiu-e of rabbit and rat isolated proximal tubules or rat renal cortical slices to cephaloridine caused a time- and concentration-dependent generation of MDA [37, 38,40,41]. Inhibition of... 

Rreisberg, J.I., Pitts, A.M. and Pretlow, T.G. (1977). Separation of proximal tubule cells from suspensions of rat kidney cells in density gradients of Ficoll in tissue culture medium. Am. J. Pathol. 86 591-601. 

Vinay, R, Gougoux, A. and Lemieux, G. (1981). Isolation of a pure suspension of rat proximal tubules. Am. J. Physiol. 241 F403-F411. 

Rush GF, Ponsler GD. Cephaloridine-induced biochemical changes and cytotoxicity in suspensions of rabbit isolated proximal tubules.Toxicol AppI Pharmacol 1991 109 314-326. 

Rush GF, Heim RA, Ponsler GD, EngelhardtJ. Cephaloridine-induced renal pathological and biochemical changes in female rabbits and isolated proximal tubules in suspension.Toxicol Pathol 1992 20(2) 155-168. 

Studies of the pathophysiology of acute renal failure has classically considered both tubular and vascular mechanisms [227,228]. In vitro techniques isolating either the vascular or tubular components have been developed. For example, the use of isolated proximal tubules in suspension or in culture allows the study of tubular mechanisms of injury in the absence of vascular factors [229] [230]. There are both in vitro and in vivo models to study vascular injury in the kidney. In vitro models include the study of vascular smooth muscle cells or endothelial cells in culture. In this section, the in vivo methods to evaluate the renal micro-circulation will be discussed. This is of relevance as many nephrotoxins exert their deleterious effects through pharmacologic actions on the resistance vasculature with parenchymal injury occurring as a consequence of ischemia. In clinical practice nephrotoxins may cause prerenal azotemia as a result of increased renal vascular resistance. Nephrotoxins that cause acute renal failure on a vascular basis include prostaglandin inhibitors e.g. aspirin, non-steroidal anti-... 

Nephrotoxicity is a major side effect of chemotherapy. Evaluating renal toxicity from anticancer drugs uses renal slices and isolated cell suspensions of renal proximal tubules [93]. Cisplatin, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (CDDP), is an inorganic platinum anticancer agent that offers broad-spectrum antitumor activity against various types of animal and human tumors [94]. CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity is the most important dose-limiting factor in chemotherapy [87, 95]. Earlier studies have reported that CDDP therapy is related to cardiotoxicity [89]. 

In magnetic cell sorting (MACS), cells labeled with primary antibody are incubated with a ferrous conjugated second antibody. Labeled cells are separated by decanting the cell suspension in a magnetic field. Pizzonia et al. [101] and Bacskai and co-authors [102] introduced MACS for immunoselection of murine distal tubule cells. Baer et al. [103] used MACS for im-munodissection of human proximal and distal tubule... 

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