Proteins animal feed

FIGURE 14.3 Integrated biomass production-conversion system for growth and processing of alfalfa to yield high-protein animal feed supplement and electricity for the grid. From DeLong... 

As an added bonus, the seedcake that is left when the oU is extracted serves as a high-protein animal feed supplement. Ibid. 

Calcium, magnesium, iron, tryptophan, and crude protein (animal feed), ascorbic acid (orange, lemon and tomato juice, green tea, potatoes, red pepper, spinach, and strawberry), sulfite (fruit juice), iron(ll. III) (wines), nitrite (cod liver oil, cured meat), aluminum (spinach leaves, tea leaves), bromate (bread), tryptophan (vegetables and fish), butylated hydroxyanisole (sunflower, com, and olive oil), kojic acid (fermentation broth), and sucrose (milk and soft drinks)... 

Single-cell protein (animal feed substitute or nutiitbnal source for human food)... 

Neutze, S.A., R.L. Smith and W.A. Forbes, 1993. Application of an inhibitor in vitro method for estimating rumen degradation of feed protein. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 40,251-265. 

The 1993 market for LPC-type products in the United States was for dried alfalfa meal for animal feed. This product is sold for both protein and carotenoid content. The USDA Pro-Xan product attempts to obtain improved xanthophyU contents for use in egg-laying rations in addition to protein contents. The limitations to commercial development of LPC products for human food use are high capital costs as compared with the low yields of protein, seasonal availabihty of raw materials, and the need in the United States for FDA approval of the products. 

The nutrient sparing effect of antibiotics may result from reduction or elimination of bacteria competing for consumed and available nutrients. It is also recognized that certain bacteria synthesize vitamins (qv), amino acids (qv), or proteins that may be utilized by the host animal. Support of this mode of action is found in the observed nutritional interactions with subtherapeutic use of antibiotics in animal feeds. Protein concentration and digestibiHty, and amino acid composition of consumed proteins may all influence the magnitude of response to feeding antibiotics. Positive effects appear to be largest... 

The main by-products from the malting industry are malt sprouts, cleanout material, and small-kernel barley. Malt sprouts are primarily dried malt rootiets, containing 24—26% protein, 2—3% fat, and 12—14% fiber. Since the protein is readily available, malt sprouts are used in various animal feed blends. Occasionally, malt hulls and barley chaff are blended with malt sprouts. The remainder of the cleanout material and small kernel barley is sold as feed. 

Future Uses. The most recent uses for methanol can be found in the agricultural sector. Test studies are being carried out where methanol is sprayed directly onto crops to improve plant growth. Methanol can be used as a carbon source for the production of single-cell protein (SCP) for use as an animal feed supplement. The process has been commercially demonstrated by ICl at their BiUingham, U.K., faciUty. However, the production of SCP is not commercially practical at this time, in comparison to more conventional protein sources. 

Protein Products. The bulk of the meal obtained in processing of oilseeds is used as protein supplements in animal feeds. Since the 1960s appreciable amounts have been also converted into products for human consumption, the majority of which have been derived from defatted soybean flakes. 

Uses of lactose production by appHcation include baby and infant formulations (30%), human food (30%), pharmaceuticals (25%), and fermentation and animal feed (15%) (39). It is used as a diluent in tablets and capsules to correct the balance between carbohydrate and proteins in cow-milk-based breast milk replacers, and to increase osmotic property or viscosity without adding excessive sweetness. It has also been used as a carrier for flavorings. 

Uses. The primary use of molasses is in animal feed. Molasses, which provides a carbohydrate source, salts, protein, vitamins, and palatabdity, may be used direcdy or mixed with other feeds. The carbohydrate content of 24.6 L (6.5 gal) of blackstrap molasses is considered to be equal to 0.035 m (one bushel) of com as measured by the energy produced from 0.035 m of com and the amount of molasses required to produce the same amount of energy. When molasses is less expensive than com, sales increase when the reverse is tme, sales decrease. 

M. Dungelhoef, M. Rodehutscord, H. Spiekers and E. Pfeffer, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 1994,49, 1. M. I. Ferraz de Oliveira and T. Acamovic, in Proceedings of VII Symposium on Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, Evora, Portugal 1995, 1996 in press. 

The carbon dioxide removed in synthesis gas preparation can be reacted with ammonia, to lonn urea CO(NH2)2- This is an excellent fertilizer, highly concentrated in nitrogen (46.6%) and also useful as an additive in animal feed to provide the nitrogen for formation of meat protein. Urea is also an important source of resins and plastics by reacting it with formaldehyde from methanol. 

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