Protein with polysaccharide

Mixtures and Complexes of Proteins with Polysaccharides as Deliveiy Vehicles... 

In principle, an emulsion contained within an emulsion droplet, as shown schematically in Figure 7.24, can be regarded as an excellent reservoir for "active matter . Benichou et al. (2004) have suggested that complexes of proteins with polysaccharides can be employed to improve the steric stabilization of such a double ("duplex ) emulsion by forming a thick... 

Peroxidases oxidize tyrosines, both as a free amino acid and as a residue in peptides and proteins. When proteins are treated with HRP in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, protein dimers are obtained through the coupling of tyrosyl radicals. HRP can also be used for cross-linking of proteins with polysaccharides [35]. In this case, coupling occurs between a tyrosyl radical in the protein and a radical species on the saccharide ... 

Q4 Weight gain without an increase in appetite is a feature of myxoedema, a severe form of thyroid deficiency. Some of the factors which appear to be involved include reduced metabolic rate, and oxygen and calorie consumption. In addition complexes of protein with polysaccharides and other substances accumulate under the patient s skin to promote water... 

The interactions of proteins with polysaccharides in solution have been widely investigated using turbidimetric titration, static and dynamic light scattering, electro-... 

The conjugation of protein with polysaccharides has been examined. 

Figure 1 Scheme for the binding of protein with polysaccharide through Maillard reaction (a) and the binding mode (b). Dotted areas indicate protein molecules, and branched solid circles represent polysaccharide molecules. (From Ref. 25.)... 

Complex Hpids are macromolecular substances whose Hpid constituent is bound to the non-Hpid components by hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions and other physical bonds, but some may also be bound by covalent bonds. The non-Hpid components are mostly proteins, but also polysaccharides, mixtures of protein with polysaccharides, Hgnin and other substances. 

The function of Jisper Uis fermentation appears to be primarily the breakdown of protein and polysaccharides by secreted proteases and amylases. Replacement oiPispergillis by chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis has no major impact on the organoleptic properties of the sauce. Likewise, inoculation with a pure culture of Ixictobacillus delbrueckii to carry out the acetic acid fermentation produces a normal product. The S. rouxii and Toru/opsis yeasts, however, are specifically required for proper flavor development. 

The Condensation of Long-chain Fatty Acids with Polysaccharides and Proteins, A. S. Jones, M. A. G. Kaye, and M. Stacey, J. Chem. Soc., (1952) 5016-5020. 

The ability of PO to interact with the acetyl residues of chitin allows us to compare them with monovalent lectins (i.e. extensins) which when binding with hemicellulose are only affected in a medium with a high ionic strength (Brownleader et al., 2006). As a rule, POs are bound with the plant cell wall and act as its modifiers. Some POs can form complexes with an extensin of cell walls (Brownleader et al., 2006). Consequently, chitin-specific sites that are capable of interacting with polysaccharides exist in the molecules of PO, and these sites can resemble the membrane receptor binding sites or else be similar to the domains of heparinbinding proteins (Kim et al., 2001). 

In the previously described electrophoretic methods, the capillary was filled with electrolytes only. Another mode of operation in capillary electrophoresis involves filling the capillary with gel or viscous polymer solutions. If desired, a column can be packed with particles and equipped with a frit.68 This mode of analysis has been favorably used for the size determination of biologically important polymers, such as DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides. The most frequently used polymers in capillary gel electrophoresis are cross-linked or linear polyacrylamide,69 cellulose derivatives,70-75 agarose,76 78 and polyethylene glycols. 

Finally, animal, plant and microbial tissues have been shown to contain the iron storage protein ferritin. The animal protein has been extensively studied, but the mechanism of iron binding has not been completely resolved (29). Animal tissues contain, in addition, a type of granule comprised of iron hydroxide, polysaccharide and protein. The latter, called hemosiderin, may represent a depository of excess iron (30). Interestingly, a protein with properties parallel to those of ferritin has been found in a mold. Here the function of the molecule can be examined with the powerful tools of biochemical genetics (31). 

Bacterial polysaccharides were first recognized nearly one hundred years ago, but information about their structures and properties has been obtained almost entirely during the last fifteen or twenty years. Combined with protein, these polysaccharides are responsible for the immunizing powers of many bacteria, and the structure of the polysaccharide determines the exact or specific immunological response to these organisms. 

According to the predominant component, the binders are usually divided into protein, oil, polysaccharide, and resin binders. In this section we shall focus on protein binders but it is worth mentioning that in the majority of natural non-protein binders a minority protein component is usually present as well. Thus many of the analytical techniques described here can be (with certain limitations) applied to them as well. Although in colour layers of artworks and particularly in paintings protein binders are relatively abundant (up to 10%), their identification is often limited by a small amount of sample that is usually available for analysis (tens or hundreds of micrograms at most [6]). 

Since sialic acid is a frequent terminal sugar constituent of the polysaccharide trees on glycoproteins, this method selectively forms reactive aldehydes on the most accessible parts for subsequent modifications. The carbohydrate polymer of a protein provides a long spacer arm that can be used to conjugate another large macromolecule, such as a second protein, with little steric problems. 

The three major classes of biopolymers found in eukaryotic systems are nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides. The latter class is the most complex with respect to structural and stereochemical diversity. Polysaccharides indeed possess a massive information content. Furthermore, polysaccharides are commonly found in nature covalently attached (conjugated) to other biomolecules such as proteins, isoprenoids, fatty acids, and lipids.1... 

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