Protein Salivary glands

Eiweiss-bedarf, m. albumin requirement protein requirement, -driise, /. salivary gland, eiweiss-formig, a. albuminous, -hsltig, a. containing albumin (or albumen), albuminous containing protein. 

Schmale H., Holtgreve-Grez H. and Christiansen H. (1990). Possible role for salivary gland protein in taste reception indicated by homology to lipophillic-ligand carrier proteins. Nature 343, 366-369. 

In humans, the structural gene locus is on chromosome 19 (M17), and the gene spans over 40 kilobases (kb) including 18 exons and 17 introns (W2, X2). Neu-roleukin, a protein that acts as both a neurotrophic factor and a lymphokine, has been isolated from mouse salivary glands (G7), and subsequently the primary structure of neuroleukin was found to be identical to that of GPI by comparison of the cDNA sequences (C7, FI). The cDNA sequence encodes 558 amino acid residues. The enzyme consists of two identical subunits with a molecular weight of approximately 63,000 and neuroleukin is active as a monomer. 

Sulfation has also been documented in salivary proteins, specifically statherin. The enzymes in saliva are the first wave of the human digestion process and statherin prevents the precipitation of calcium phosphate in the salivary gland and saliva. Since TPST is secreted along with statherin, sulfation plays a role in digestion by binding hydroxylapatite and preventing its precipitation. 

Food is taken into the buccal cavity, where it is masticated by the teeth and mixed with saliva from three pairs of salivary glands. It moistens the food and dissolves some molecules enabling them to interact with the taste receptors on the tongue. Saliva contains Na% Cl and HCOs ions and a protein, mucin, which is a component of mucus that lubricates the chewed food on its way down the oesophagus. The pH of saliva is about 7.8, which neutralises acid formed by bacteria in the mouth this protects tooth enamel... 

The initial crystals of NPl were obtained with protein painstakingly isolated from Rhodnius salivary glands by the Ribeiro laboratory (44). This group also cloned all four nitrophorins (44, 45), which unfortunately resulted only in inclusion bodies or degraded protein in various... 

Hamsters, unlike mice and rats, are not able to adjust to high levels of tannins in their diet by producing more proline-rich proteins in their saliva. A diet high in tannin has no effect on the salivary glands, and proline-rich proteins are not... 

Pharmacokinetics Slowly, incompletely absorbed affer oral administration. Food delays or decreases the extent of absorption. Protein binding Negligible. Primarily distributed to intestinal mucosa and salivary glands. Primarily excreted unchanged in urine. Removed by hemodialysis. Half-life 3-6 hr. 

Another important source of variation in enzymes as well as in other proteins is alternative splicing of mRNA.33 For example, transcription of the mouse a-amylase gene in the salivary gland starts at a different site (promoter) than does transcription in the liver. 

Stress proteins. Ritossa reported in 1962 that when Drosophila were suddenly warmed from 25°C to 36-37°C, a series of new puffs could be observed within the polytene chromosomes of the salivary glands.442 These same puffs, which were also seen after other stresses, appeared within a few minutes and were associated with formation of new mRNAs. This heat-shock phenomenon was subsequently found to be universal. It is observed in all species of animals as well as in plants and bacteria.443 48... 

Steinfeld S, Cogan E, King LS, Agre P, Kiss R, Delporte C. 2001. Abnormal distribution of aquaporin-5 water channel protein in salivary glands from Sjorgren s syndrome patients. Lab Invest 81 143-148. 

Hirudin is a direct thrombin inhibitor marketed in a recombinant form (lepirudin). It is a protein derived from a salivary gland of the medicinal leech. It binds tightly to exosite I and the apolar site near the catalytic site. It is used as a substitute for... 

Age-dependent modifications Influence on salivary gland development during the first months WS TFA UF (5 kDa) WAX Label-free Concentrations of the major salivary proteins/ peptides showed a minimum between 0- and 6-month-olds and (11,27,58,59,80-83)... 

This patient, who had autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), almost drowned and then developed ALPE. On July 20, 1990, he nearly drowned in the sea at 1500 hours, and was brought to our hospital by ambulance for dyspnea and severe loin pain at 1620 hours. On admission, metabolic acidosis was observed. His CRP, serum creatinine, CPK, amylase, and urinary protein levels were 1+, 1.5mg/dl, 116 U/l, 592IU/1 (derived from the salivary gland), and 2+, respectively. His body temperature was 37.7°C, and his blood pressure was 110/60 mmHg. His pulse and respiratory rate were 120/min and 22/min, respectively. Delayed CT 6h after the administration of contrast medium showed wedge-shaped contrast enhancement in the noncystic renal parenchyma (Fig. 34). On July 24, a bone scan with MDP revealed patchy lesions (Fig. 35). His serum creatinine level was 1.3 mg/dl, which had decreased to 1.0 mg/dl on July 27. The patient was then discharged. 

Tissieres, A. H.K. Mitchell, and U.M. Tracy (1974). Protein synthesis in salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster Relation to chromosome puffs. J. Mol. Biol. 84 389-398. 

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