Protein assemblies functionalization

Robust decreases in the expression of the various proteasome subunits and ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes have been described in prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Neuronal ubiquitin and proteasomes play an important role in the assembly, function and plasticity of the synapse. Structural proteins including tubulin and a-spectrin also show decreased expression in prefrontal cortex. 

Outer membrane proteins face several problems. They have to cross the inner membrane thus implying that they are not allowed to contain hydrophobic membrane anchor or stop transfer sequences. Moreover, correct targeting to and stable insertion into the outer membrane is important for proper functioning. A number of OM proteins assemble into oligomers even prior to insertion. 

In addition to transpeptidases, other penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) function as transglycosylases and carboxypeptidases. All of the PBPs are involved with assembly, maintenance, or regulation of peptidoglycan cell wall synthesis. When (3-lactam antibiotics inactivate PBPs, the consequence to the bacterium is a structurally weakened cell wall, aberrant morphological form, cell lysis, and death. 

Dolezal P, Likic V, Tachezy J, Lithgow T (2006) Evolution of the molecular machines for protein import into mitochondria. Science 313 314-318 Dong J-S, Lai R, Nielsen K, Fekete CA, Qiu H-F, Hinnebusch AG (2004) The essential ATP-binding cassette protein Rlil functions in translation by promoting preinitiation complex assembly. J Biol Chem 274 42157-42168 Ellis JE, Setchell KD, Kaneshiro ES (1994) Detection of ubiquinone in parasitic and free-living protozoa, including species devoid of mitochondria. Mol Biochem Parasitol 65 213-224... 

The components of the modular biohybrid amphipiles were constmcted by the specific covalent coupling of a 2,2 6, 2//-terpyridine-maleimide linker to a variety of enzymes, (the lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) and a protein, the bovine serum albumin (BSA)), using the same methodology developed for the construction of covalent biohybrids.272 Once functionalized, a series of and homo-enzyme-enzyme and hetero enzyme-enzyme and enzyme-protein assemblies are in principal readily accessible via the... 

Lipids have several important functions in animal cells, which include serving as structural components of membranes and as a stored source of metabolic fuel (Griner et al., 1993). Eukaryotic cell membranes are composed of a complex array of proteins, phospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol. The relative proportions and fatty acid composition of these components dictate the physical properties of membranes, such as fluidity, surface potential, microdomain structure, and permeability. This in turn regulates the localization and activity of membrane-associated proteins. Assembly of membranes necessitates the coordinate synthesis and catabolism of phospholipids, sterols, and sphingolipids to create the unique properties of a given cellular membrane. This must be an extremely complex process that requires coordination of multiple biosynthetic and degradative enzymes and lipid transport activities. 

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