Protective equipment fume hoods

Adequate general ventilation, provision of appropriate containment equipment (fume hoods, safety cabinets, or localized exhaust systems), procedural controls, or use of personal protective equipment, respiratory protection, and protective gloves, clothing, and eye protection are all part of a possible program to reduce exposures. 

Even small spills and leaks (<0.45 kg) require extreme caution. Unless the spill is contained in a fume hood, do not remain in or enter the area unless equipped with full protective equipment and clothing. Self-contained breathing apparatus should be used if the odor of acrolein or eye irritation is sensed. Small spills may be covered with absorbant, treated with aqueous alkalies, and flushed with water. 

A number of reagents used in this protocol are known or potential toxicants. Be sure to use a fume hood and protective equipment as necessary. In particular extreme care should be exercised when handling DEPC, ethidium bromide, paraformaldehyde, and formalin since they are widely assumed to be carcinogenic. 

All experiments must be carried out in a fume hood with the use of proper personal protective equipment such as safety glasses with side shields, a laboratory coat or apron, and the proper gloves for hands. 

CAUTION Sonication, filtration, and transfer should be performed in a fume hood. Personal protection equipment—laboratory coat, gloves, and safety glasses—must be used. Ear protection should be utilized during sonication. 

The speed of homogenization should start slowly and then be gradually increased. This work should be performed in the fume hood using proper personal protection equipment (PPE). 

Incubate the reaction mixture for 120 min at 4°C. Sodium cyanoborohydride is extremely toxic and should only be handled in a fume hood while wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Cyanoborohydride-containing solutions also contain cyanide and must be disposed of according to appropriate local regulations. 

Inserts that are to be used in the molding have to be prepared by either grit blasting or chemical treatment. The grit blasting operations must be carried out in a sand blast cabinet or the operator must be in an approved air-supplied garment. If solvent-based adhesives are used, appropriate personal protective equipment must be worn (chemical mask, gloves, and apron) and the operation carried out in a fume extraction hood. 

Small Quantities. Wear nitrile rubber gloves, laboratory coat, and eye protection. Work in the fume hood. To decompose 5 mL (5.4 g) of acetic anhydride, place 60 mL of a 2.5 M sodium hydroxide solution (prepared by dissolving 6.0 g of NaOH in 60 mL of water) in a 250-mL, three-necked, round-bottom flask equipped with a stirrer, dropping funnel, and thermometer. Add the acetic anhydride to the dropping funnel and run it dropwise into stirred solution at such a rate that the temperature does not rise above 35°C. Allow to stir at room temperature overnight. Neutralize solution to pH 7 with 2 M hydrochloric acid (slowly add 16 mL of concentrated acid to 80 mL of cold water) and pour into the drain.23... 

Small Quantities. Work in the fume hood. Wear eye protection, nitrile rubber gloves and laboratory coat. Place 6.0 g (7 mL, 0.107 mol) of acrolein in a 1 L, three-necked, round-bottom flask equipped with a thermometer, stirrer, and dropping funnel. Over a period of 10 minutes, add 50 mL of a solution of 63 g (0.4 mol) of potassium permanganate in 700 mL of water. If the purple color is not discharged, warm the mixture on steam bath until it becomes brown. Add the remainder of the permanganate solution at such a rate that the temperature does not exceed 45°C. When addition is complete, heat the mixture on the steam bath to 70-80°C, while stirring, for 1 hour. Cool the mixture to room temperature, and acidify to pH 1 with 3 M sulfuric acid (16 mL of concentrated acid cautiously added to 84 mL of cold water). Add solid sodium bisulfite, while stirring, until a colorless solution is produced. Wash the solution into the drain with water.7... 

Small Quantities. Wear nitrile rubber gloves, laboratory coat, and eye protection. Work in the fume hood. Place the hydride in a three-necked, round-bottom flask equipped with nitrogen inlet, dropping funnel, and condenser. Under nitrogen, and while... 

Small Quantities. Wear Viton rubber gloves,16 laboratory coat, and eye protection. Work in the fume hood. For each 0.05 mol (3.8 g, 3.0 mL) of carbon disulfide to be destroyed, use 670 mL of sodium hypochlorite (bleach) or a mixture of 55 g of 65% calcium hypochlorite in 220 mL of water. Place the hypochlorite in flask equipped with dropping funnel, stirrer, and thermometer, and add the carbon disulfide dropwise such that the reaction temperature is maintained between 20 and 30°C (to avoid volatilizing of the carbon disulfide). When addition is complete, continue stirring for 2 hours or until a clear, homogeneous solution remains (perhaps containing traces of oily by-products). The reaction mixture can be washed into the drain.18... 

Small Quantities. Wear butyl rubber gloves, laboratory coat, and eye protection. Work in the fume hood. To a 50-mL, three-necked, round-bottom flask equipped with stirrer, thermometer, and dropping funnel, add 1 mL of water, 3 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and 2 g (0.008 mol) of 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine. The temperature is maintained at -5 to OX by a cooling bath, while 0.2 g (0.0084 mol) of 97% sodium nitrite dissolved in 1.4 mL of water is added dropwise to the solution or slurry of dichlorobenzidine hydrochloride. Stirring is continued an additional 30 minutes after addition is complete. While maintaining the temperature at -5 to 0°C, 16.6 mL (0.16... 

To remove peroxides, wear butyl rubber gloves, laboratory coat, and eye protection. Pour the dioxane (100 mL) into a separatory funnel and shake with a freshly prepared 50% aqueous solution of sodium metabisulfite (20 mL) for 3 minutes. Release the pressure in the funnel at 10-second intervals. Separate the aqueous layer. Retest the dioxane for the continued presence of small amounts of dialkyl peroxides that are not reduced by the metabisulfite treatment. If peroxides are absent, the dioxane can be dried for reuse or packaged for disposal by burning. If peroxides are still present, in the fume hood, place the ether in a 250-mL round-bottom flask equipped with a condenser, and add a solution of 100 mg of potassium iodide in 5 mL of glacial acetic acid and 1 drop of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Reflux gently for 1 hour. Package the ether for disposal by burning.13... 

Small Quantities. Wear protective gloves, laboratory coat, and goggles. Work in the fume hood. Place 7.9 g (0.12 mol) of 85% potassium hydroxide pellets in a 100-mL, three-necked, round-bottom flask equipped with a stirrer, condenser, and dropping funnel. Add 32 mL of 95% ethanol rapidly. Heat the solution to gentle reflux and add ethylenimine (4.3 g, 0.1 mol) dropwise at such a rate to maintain gentle reflux. Heat under reflux while stirring for 2 hours. Cool, dilute the reaction mixture with water, and wash into the drain with water.9... 

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