Prostate specific antigen elevated

BARNES s (2001) The effect of isolated soy protein on plasma biomarkers in elderly men with elevated serum prostate specific antigen. J Urol. 165 (1) 294-300. 

Due to the long natural history of recurrent prostate cancer, longer follow-up is required to assess the ultimate impact of the improved local control on survival. However, the prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels could provide an indication at 5 years, 17% of the neutron patients showed elevated PSA levels compared to 45% for the photon patients (P<0.001). 

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is one of the most reliable cancer-specific molecular markers. PSA expression is, for the most part, restricted to the prostate and elevated serum PSA indicates the possibility of malignant prostate cancer. Use of serum PSA as a diagnostic tool is still controversial since PSA levels are also elevated in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH),... 

Other enzymes are also useful indices of liver pathology. Serum alkaline phosphatase is often a useful indicator of liver and bone disease. The alkaline phosphatases are a diverse group of enzymes that catalyze reactions in which a phosphate is removed from a phosphate ester, especially at an alkaline pH. Physicians don t care about this. They do care that serum alkaline phosphatase levels often rise with bone breakdown (as in tumor infiltration) and in liver disease, especially where tliere is obstruction of the bile duct. Acid phosphatase is particularly rich in the prostate. A rise in its serum levels provides a test as to the presence of prostate carcinoma. This test has largely been replaced by assay for Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), a serine protease that is elevated in prostatic carcinoma. 

Changes in analytical bias directly shift the distribution of the patient test values. If the elevated values on a test are associated with specific clinical actions, then the shifts in analytical bias can notably alter the number of patients having test values that exceed the action limit. For example, for a serum calcium assay with an action limit of lO.i mg/dL, an upward bias of 0.2 mg/dL changes the number of patients subjected to further investigation from 6.5% to 15.0%. Similarly, analytical shifts in other critical analytes can cause notable clinical problems, such as false elevations of prostate-specific antigen values triggering prostate ultrasound examinations and biopsies and false elevation of TSH triggering additional thyroid examinations. These small analytical shifts can have major downstream effects on healthcare costs. 

Prostatic Carcinoma. Plasma levels of AMG are depressed pretreatment in advanced carcinoma of the prostate and return to normal with successfiil treatment. AMG binds to prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and levels of the complexes are elevated in plasma during active disease, as is the case for PSA-ai-antichymotrypsin complexes. In vitro, PSA added to serum has a higher affinity for AMG than for tti-antichymotrypsin. In vivo, the complexes are probably removed very rapidly by the liver, as are other protease complexes with AMG usually, free PSA and PSA-tti-antichy-motrypsin are the only forms detected. 

Potential problems There is concern that saw palmetto might hide elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels, thus preventing early detection of prostatic cancer. Recent studies from France, published in The Prostate in 1996, show no change in PSA levels even after men have taken saw palmetto for one year. According to studies done by Italian phytopharmaceutical manufacturer Indena S. P. A., saw palmetto extracts are devoid of any mutagenic or teratogenic effects. 

Digital rectal examination (DRE) Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) if either DRE is positive or PSA is elevated Biopsy... 

S. CiriUo, M. Petracchini, P. Della Monica, T. GaUo, V. TartagUa, E. Vestita, et al., Value of endorectal MRl and MRS in patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen levels and previous negative biopsies to localize peripheral zone tumors, Clin. Radiol. 63 (2008) 871. 

Jung, K., Zachow, J., Lein, M., Brux, B., Sinha, P., Lenk, S., Schnorr, D., and Loen-ing, S. A. (1999) Rapid detection of elevated prostate-specific antigen levels in blood performance of various membrane strip tests compared. Urology. 53, 155-160... 

A 60-year-old man is found to have a prostate lump and an elevated PSA (prostate-specific antigen) blood test. MRI examination suggests several enlarged lymph nodes in the lower abdomen, and x-ray reveals two radiolucent lesions in the bony pelvis. This patient might benefit from treatment with any of the following EXCEPT... 

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer form in males in the USA and Western Europe. One of the methods to diagnose prostate cancer is to measure the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) which leaks into the bloodstream from the prostate. In cancer patients the cells in the prostate are growing unrestrained and become more unstructured which leads to an increased leakage of PSA into the blood. But only 25 % of men with elevated PSA levels have prostate cancer, while the remaining patients have, for example, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or a temporary infection. This makes it important to develop improved and more differentiated PSA assays to enable discrimination of patients with malignant disease. 

Urban, D., Irwin, W., Kirk, M., Markiewicz, M.A., Myers, R., Smith, M., Weiss, H., Grizzle, W.E., and Barnes, S. 2001. The effect of isolated soy protein on plasma biomarkers in elderly men with elevated serum prostate specific antigen. J. Urol. 165, 294—300. 

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