Prostaglandin Prostaglandin

Few areas of organic medicinal chemistry in recent memory have had so many closely spaced pulses of intense research activity as the prostaglandins. Following closely on the heels of the discovery of the classical monocyclic prostaglandins (prostaglandin El, F2, A2, etc.), with their powerful associated activities, for example, oxytocic, blood pressure regulating, and inflammatory, was the discovery of the bicyclic analogues (the thromboxanes, prostacyclin) with their profound effects on hemodynamics and platelet function. More recently, the non-... 

The manner in which salicylates relieve pain and reduce inflammation is not fully understood. It is thought that the analgesic action of the salicylates is due to tiie inhibition of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are fatty acid derivatives found in almost every tissue of the body and body fluid. Release of prostaglandin is thought... 

The cells in the hypothalamus that control body temperature respond to the cytokines by stimulating the activity of the membrane bound phospholipase, which results in the formation of arachidonic acid, the substrate for the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) which is the rate-limiting step in the pathway for synthesis of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins influence cells in the hypothalamus that are responsible for temperature regulation. 

In Box 7.13 we saw that the widely used analgesic aspirin exerted its action by acetylating the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) which is involved in the production of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are modified C20 fatty acids synthesized in animal tissues and they affect a wide variety of physiological processes, such as... 

The basis for the analgesic action of NSAIDs is their ability to prevent the production of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are derived from the arachidonic acid cascade and are implicated in the production of inflammatory pain and in sensitizing nociceptors to the actions of other mediators. 

Cimino, G., Crispino, A., Di Marzo, V., Sodano, G., Spinella, A., and Villani, G., A marine mollusc provides the first example of in vivo storage of prostaglandins prostaglandins-1,5-lactones, Experientia, 47, 56, 1991. 

Prostaglandins Prostaglandins and the other eicosanoids (prostacyclins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes) are derived from arachidonate. These compounds all act as local hormones. Aspirin reduces inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in prostaglandin synthesis. 

Prostaglandins Prostaglandins, and the structurally related molecules prostacyclins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes, are called eicosanoids because they contain 20 carbon atoms (Greek eikosi = 20). These hormones are relatively short-lived and hence act locally near to their site of synthesis in the body. They are derived from the common precursor arachidonate (Fig. 2). This polyunsaturated fatty... 

Pillai NR (1992) Anti-diarrhoeal activity of Punica granatum in experimental animals. Int J Pharmacognosy 30 201-204 Robert A, Nezamis JE, Lancaster C et al. (1976) Enteropool-ing assay a test for diarrhea produced by prostaglandins. Prostaglandins 11 809-828... 

Journal of Lipid Mediators and Cell Signalling [J. Lipid Mediators Cell Signalling] (1994-1997). Formerly Journal of Lipid Mediators [J. Lipid Mediators] (1989-1993). Merged with Prostaglandins [Prostaglandins] (1972-1997) to become Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediators. 

Whitaker MO, Wydie A Fitzpatrick F, Sprecher H, and Needleman P. (1979). Triene prostaglandins prostaglandin D, and eicosapentaenoic acid as potent antithrombotic substances. Proc. Nad. Acad. Sci. USA 76,5919-5923. 

The discovery of this dimer has pn voked the interest of a number of disciplines. Why is this Because the second protein in the dimer can bird vitamin D, thyroid hormone, prostaglandin, or a second molecule of RA, depending on the exact nature of the second protein. This means that, when vitamin A perferms its hormonal role in the body, it behaves in much the same way as vitamin D, thyroid hormone, and certain prostaglandins, (Prostaglandins are special hormones that are made from fatty acids.) Further details appear in the section entitled Vitamin... 

Spilman, C. Beuving, D. Forbes, A. Roseman, T. Larion, L. Evaluation of vaginal delivery systems containing 15[s] 15-methyl PGF2 alpha methyl ester. Prostaglandins. Prostaglandins 1976, 12 (Suppl.), 1-16. 

Of adult asthmatics 2-20% have aspirin hypersensitivity (9). The mechanism is related to a deficiency in bronch-odilator prostaglandins prostaglandin inhibition may make arachidonic acid produce more leukotrienes with bronchoconstrictor activity. Oral challenge in asthmatic patients is an effective but potentially dangerous method for establishing the presence of aspirin hypersensitivity (63). 

Prostaglandins Prostaglandins are chemical messengers synthesized at the site in response to the white blood cells that flow to the area of injured tissue. Prostaglandins activate the inflammatory response, and produce pain and fever. 

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