Propylene trimers

The stringency of the conditions employed in the unmodified cobalt 0x0 process leads to formation of heavy trimer esters and acetals (2). Although largely supplanted by low pressure ligand-modified rhodium-catalyzed processes, the unmodified cobalt 0x0 process is stiU employed in some instances for propylene to give a low, eg, - 3.3-3.5 1 isomer ratio product mix, and for low reactivity mixed and/or branched-olefin feedstocks, eg, propylene trimers from the polygas reaction, to produce isodecanol plasticizer alcohol. 

The propylene-based chemicals, n- and isobutanol and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol [104-76-7] (2-EH) dominate the product spectmm. These chemicals represent 71% of the world s total oxo chemical capacity. In much of the developed world, plasticizers (qv), long based on 2-EH, are more often and more frequendy higher molecular weight, less volatile Cg, and C q alcohols such as isononyl alcohol, from dimerized normal butenes isodecanol, from propylene trimer and 2-propyl-1-heptanol, from / -butenes and aldol addition. Because of the competition from the higher molecular weight plasticizer alcohols,... 

Highly Branched Acids. These acids, called neoacids, are produced from highly branched olefins, carbon monoxide, and an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid, hydrogen fluoride, or boron trifluoride. 2,2,2-Trimethylacetic acid (pivaUc acid) is made from isobutylene and neodecanoic acid is produced from propylene trimer (see Carboxylic Acids, trialkylacetic acids). 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Nonene (non-linear) Propylene trimer Tripropylene Chemical Formula CjHij. 

Other olefins applied in the hydroformylation process with subsequent hydrogenation are propylene trimer and tetramer for the production of decyl and tridecyl alcohols, respectively, and C7 olefins (from copolymers of C3 and C4 olefins) for isodecyl alcohol production. 

This has been found to be a general reaction for many types of olefins. It has also been applied to highly branched structures, such as 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pen-tane and propylene trimers and tetramers [177], to unbranched olefins with internal double bonds, such as methyl oleate [178] and tricosane, and to a-ole-fins [179], In all cases the data indicate that the reaction occurs at the double... 

V. Kh. Dulaev, N. M. Bondarets, N. A. Polukhina, V. I. Petresku, R. G. Galiev, P. P. Kapustin, and O. S. Matrosov. Composition for preparation of aerated plugging solution—contains Portland cement, oxyethylated monoalkylphenol(s) of propylene trimers, glycol mixture, air, water, etc. Patent SU 1745893-A, 1992. 

The synthesis of commercial nonylphenols generally proceeds through an alkylation reaction of phenols with propylene trimer [124], which itself has a spread of isomers [47]. The alkylation occurs preferentially at the para position of the phenol, but 3-6% of ortho-nonylphenol can be found in commercial products [125]. Also meta and disubstituted species have been mentioned [47]. A common feature of the isomers appears to be a dimethyl substitution of the a-carbon atom [83]. 

Alkylphenol Ethoxylates (APE). The hydrophobes of most commercial APE are made by reacting phenol with either propylene trimer or diisobutylene to form nonylphenol or octylphenol. These products contain an aromatic moiety and extensive branching in their alkyl chains. It has been shown that APE biodegrade more slowly and less extensively than LPAE (3.15-20). The difference is more pronounced when the treatment system is operating under stress conditions such as low temperatures and high surfactant loadings. 

Propylene Tetramer Propylene Tetramer Propylene Trimer Propyleneimine, Inhibited Propylethylene N-Propyl Mercaptan N-N-Propyl-L-Propanamine Prussic Acid Pseudohexyl Alcohol Pyrazine Hexahydride Pyridine Pyrocatechin Pyrocatechinic Acid Pyrocatechol Pyrocatechuic Acid Pyrofax... 

Nonyltrichlorosilane can be synthesised by the hydrosilylation of propylene trimer with (nonen-l)trichlorosilane in the presence of a catalyst. 

Similarly to nonyltrichlorosilane, one can obtain other alkylchlorosi-lanes and other higher radicals at the silicon atom. For example, methyl-nonyldichlorosilane can be obtained from methyldichlorosilane and propylene trimer, hexyltrichlorosilane can be obtained from trichlorosilane and propylene dimer, isobutyltrichlorosilane can be produced from trichlo-... 

Specific Optical Rotation (rs > of the Propylene Trimers, Tetramers, and Mixed Oligomers at Various Wave lengths (X) and Various Reaction Temperatures 1... 

The products, which were obtained as viscous, pale amber oils, were purified by vacuum distillation or molecular distillation, whichever was best suited to the particular product. The yield of dialkylated p-cresol was 85-95%. Freedom from appreciable amounts of monoalkylated product was established by vapor phase chromatography (VPC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and molecular weight determination. The products obtained from propylene trimer and tetramer had no appreciable antioxidant activity) and will not be considered further here. 

Alkylphenol. Alkylphenol is a common surfactant intermediate used to produce alkylphenol ethoxylates. Phenol reacts with an olefin thermally without a catalyst but with relatively poor yields. Catalysts for the reaction include sulfuric acid p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA), strong acid resins, and boron trifluoride (BF3). Of these, strong acid resins and BF3 are mostly widely used for the production of surfactant-grade alkylphenols. The most common alkylphenols are octylphenol, nonylphenol, and dodecylphe-nol. Mono nonylphenol (MNP) is by far the most common hydrophobe. It is produced by the alkylation of phenol with nonene under acid conditions. All commercially produced MNP is made with nonene based on propylene trimer. Because of the skeletal rearrangements that occur during propylene oligomerization, MNP is a complex mixture of branched isomers. 

Similar to polyethylene, the presence of a large number of peaks with relatively equal intensity in the pyrogram suggests that the pyrolysis mechanism starts with a random scission. The presence of alkanes, alkenes, and dienes shows that this process is terminated by disproportionation. The peak with relatively higher intensity is the propylene trimer (2,4-dimethyl-1-heptene), probably the most stable compound in the pyrolysis conditions used for this particular experiment. 

Mainly POE p-nony I phenol, p-octylphenol, or p-dodecylphenol (sometimes, dinon-ylphenol), derived from disobutylene, propylene trimer, or propylene tetramer. 

PROPYLENE TRIMER (27214-95-8) C9H1J Flammable liquid. Forms explosive mixture with air [explosion limits in air (vol %) 0.7 to 3.9 flash point 78°F/26°C Fire Rating 3]. May polymerize under certain conditions. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, strong acids, bromine, perchlorates, perchromates, pyridinium perchlorate, peroxyacetic acid, peroxybenzoic acid, polymerization initiators. Contact with strong reducing... 

PROPYLENE TRIMER (139-01-4) Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point 75°F/ 24°C). Violent reaction with strong oxidizers. Flow or agitation of substance may generate electrostatic charges due to low conductivity. 

EINECS 248-339-5 HSDB 756 Nonene Nonene (all isomers) Nonene (mixed isomers) Nonene (non-linear) Nonene mixture Propylene trimer Tripropylene. 

Chemical Identity of Nonylphenol Alkylation of Phenol with Propylene Trimer... 

See Phenoxyisopropanol Propylene polymer. See Polypropylene Propylene trimer. See Tri propylene Propylenimine 1,2-Propylenimine. See Propylene mine... 

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