Antibiotics prophylactic

Prophylactic antibiotics may be prescribed before IUD insertion to decrease the risk of PID. 

Initiation of prophylactic antibiotics is recommended during acute variceal bleeding this is typically done with an oral fluoroquinolone (e.g., ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily x 7 days) or an IV third-generation cephalosporin. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy reduces in-hospital infections and mortality in patients hospitalized for variceal bleeding.44... 

Patients who have previously experienced spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and have low-protein ascites (ascitic fluid albumin less than 1 g/dL [less than 10 g/L]) are candidates for long-term prophylactic therapy. Recommended regimens include either a single trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole doublestrength tablet 5 days per week (Monday through Friday) or ciprofloxacin 750 mg once weekly.19,46 Any patient who has experienced an episode of variceal bleeding should also receive prophylactic antibiotics. 

Kramer KM, Levy H. Prophylactic antibiotics for severe acute pancreatitis the beginning of an era. Pharmacotherapy 1999 19 592-602. 

Because an infection slows the healing of a corneal abrasion, prophylactic antibiotics are often used. Studies on the efficacy of this are mixed. Discontinue the use of contact lenses until the abrasion is healed and the antibiotic course complete. In contact lens wearers, choose an antibiotic that covers Pseudomonas aeruginosa, like gentamicin ointment or solution or a fluoroquinolone.3 Antibiotic resistance is an increasing problem. Resistance occurs primarily with older antibiotics, but has been reported for fluoroquinolones as well. Two newer fluoroquinolones, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin, do not yet have reports of resistance. These agents are more expensive.6... 

Riddington C, Owusu-Ofori S. Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing pneumococcal infections in children with sickle cell disease. Cochrane Database 2002 3 CD003427. 

Additionally, the patient needs to be counseled on the necessity of prophylactic antibiotics prior to any dental or surgical procedure in order to prevent recurrent infections. This is critical in patients with risk factors that predispose them to developing IE, such as prosthetic heart valves, other valvular defects, or previous IE. 

Educate the patient on the importance of taking prophylactic antibiotics prior to having any dental or surgical procedure in an effort to prevent the future development of another infection. Stress the potential complications as well as the morbidity and mortality that are associated with IE and that taking precautions can minimize or prevent them. 

AD is a 60-year-old woman with a history of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and MSSA nasal colonization. She weighs 54 kg and is 156 cm tall. She presents today for a hysterectomy. She has no allergies to any medications. The surgeon approaches you for recommendations on prophylactic antibiotic use. 

Epirubicin 60 mg/m2 IV, days 1 and 8 Fluorouracil 600 mg/m2 IV, days 1 and 8 Repeat cycles every 21 days for 6 cycles (requires prophylactic antibiotics or growth factor support) ... 

Counsel the patient regarding adherence to prophylactic antibiotic, antifungal, and antiviral regimens. Evaluate the patient for infection and adverse drug reactions to antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals. Ensure that the patient is appropriately immunized after recovery from HCT. 

Is the ANC on the way down (before nadir) or on the way up (after nadir) Was the patient receiving prophylactic antibiotics, prophylactic filgrastim, or sar-gramostim or received prophylactic pegfilgrastim ... 

Animal and human studies support the use of antibiotics for the prevention of infectious morbidity and mortality in severe ANP. The most effective antimicrobial agents are the fluoroquinolones, imipenem-cilastatin, and metronidazole, which achieve adequate penetration into pancreatic juice and necrotic tissue and inhibit the growth of enteric bacteria. Although a recent meta-analysis [185] suggested that prophylactic antibiotic administration reduces sepsis and mortality and this approach has been recommended by recent guidelines and consensus state-... 

Sharma VK, Howden CW Prophylactic antibiotic administration reduces sepsis and mortality in acute necrotizing pancreatitis A meta-analysis. Pancreas 2001 22 28-31. 

R, Runzi M, Kron M, Kahl S, Kraus D, Jung N, Maier L, Malfertheiner P, Goebell H, Beger HG German Antibiotics in Severe Acute Pancreatitis Study Group Prophylactic antibiotic treatment in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis A placebo-con-trolled, double-blind trial. Gastroenterology 2004 126 997-1004. 

In patients whose history suggests recurrent exacerbations of their disease that might be attributable to certain specific events (i.e., seasonal, winter months), a trial of prophylactic antibiotics might be beneficial. If no clinical improvement is noted over an appropriate period (e.g., 2 to 3 months per year for 2 to 3 years), prophylactic therapy could be discontinued. 

Patients with noninfected bite injuries should be given prophylactic antibiotic therapy for 3 to 5 days. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (500 mg every 8 hours) is commonly recommended. Alternatives for penicillin-allergic patients include fluoroquinolones or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in combination with clindamycin or metronidazole. First-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, clindamycin alone, or aminoglycosides are not recommended, as the sensitivity to E. corrodens is variable. 

Antibiotics administered before contamination of previously sterile tissues or fluids are considered prophylactic. The goal for prophylactic antibiotics is to prevent a surgical-site infection (SSI) from developing. 

Clean-contam- inated 10.1 1.3 Controlled opening of aforementioned tracts with minimal spillage/ minor technique break. Clean procedures performed emergency or with major technique breaks. Prophylactic antibiotics indicated... 

Contaminated 21.9 10.2 Acute, nonpurulent inflammation present. Major spillage/technique break during dean-contaminated procedure. Prophylactic antibiotics indicated... 

Provide visible reminders to prescribe or administer prophylactic antibiotics (eg, checklists). 

As long as the urine is sterile preoperatively, the risk of SSI after urologic procedures is low, and the benefit of prophylactic antibiotics in this setting is controversial. E. coli is the most frequently encountered organism. 

Vaginal hysterectomies are associated with a high rate of postoperative infection when performed without the benefit of prophylactic antibiotics. 

Abdominal hysterectomy SSI rates are correspondingly lower than vaginal hysterectomy rates. However, prophylactic antibiotics are still recommended regardless of underlying risk factors. 

Use of prophylactic antibiotics during head and neck surgery depends on the procedure type. Clean procedures, such as parotidectomy or a simple tooth extraction, are associated with low rates of SSI. Head and neck procedures involving an incision through a mucosal layer carry a high risk of SSI. 

Although most cardiac surgeries are technically clean procedures, prophylactic antibiotics have been shown to lower rates of SSI. 

Prophylactic antibiotics are beneficial, especially in procedures involving the abdominal aorta and the lower extremities. 

Prophylactic antibiotics are beneficial in cases involving implantation of prosthetic material (pins, plates, artificial joints). 

Antiretroviral therapy and prophylactic antibiotics should be continued during chemotherapy. 

This disease was first observed in the mid- to late-1970s when several patients presented with recurrent bacterial infections, primarily of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, middle ear and oropharyngeal mucosa. When examined in vitro, the neutrophils from these patients had defects in chemo-taxis, phagocytosis, particle-stimulated respiratory-burst activity and granulation. Some patients also had a leukocytosis, and many had a delayed umbilical cord separation. Treatment is by prophylactic antibiotic therapy and aggressive antibiotic therapy during infections, but mortality rates are very high. 

Cabello FC (2006) Heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture a growing problem for human and animal health and for the environment. Environ Microbiol 8(7) 1137-1144... 

One should consider infiuenza- and pneumococcal-vaccination in patients with increased risk for lower RTI including patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease like chronic bronchitis or emphysema and cystic fibrosis patients. It should be considered for the elderly population in general. There is no role for prophylactic antibiotic therapy in patients with frequent RTI. Attempts should be made to have those patients that smoke stop doing so. 

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