Properties of aqueous solutions

Table 2. Physical Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Phosphoric Acid...

The analysis of the main properties of aqueous solutions of polyacrylamide and copolymers of acrylamide has been reviewed [4,5]. The main characteristics of aqueous solutions of polyacrylamide is viscosity. The viscosity of aqueous solutions increases with concentration and molecular weight of polyacrylamide and decreases with increasing temperature. The relationship between the intrinsic viscosity [q]) in cmVg and the molecular weight for polyacrylamide follows the Mark-Houwink equations ... 

Nemethy, G. The Structure of Water and the Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Solutions, in Annali dell Instituto Superiore die Sanita (ed. Marini-Bettolo, Vd.), VI Roma, Institute Superiore dell Sanita, 1970... 

Franks, F. The Properties of Aqueous Solutions at Subzero Temperatures, in Water — a Comprehensive Treatise, (ed. Franks, F.), Vol. 7, chapter 3, New York, Plenum Press 1982... 

Perhaps you are a health science major, looking forward to a career in medicine or pharmacy. If so, you will want to become familiar with the properties of aqueous solutions (Chapters 4,10,14, and 16), which include blood and other body fluids. Chemists today are involved in the synthesis of a variety of life-saving products. These range from drugs used in chemotherapy (Chapter 15) to new antibiotics used against resistant microorganisms. 

The acidic and basic properties of aqueous solutions are dependent on an equilibrium that involves the solvent, water. The reaction involved can be regarded as a Bransted-Lowry acid-base reaction in which the H20 molecule shows its amphiprotic nature ... 

Arrhenius success in science must be credited not only to his brilliance as a scientist but also to his conviction in his views. His understanding of the electrical properties of aqueous solutions nus so far ahead of contemporary thought that it would have been ignored but for his confidence in the usefulness of his theory and his refusal to abandon it. It is fitting tribute that the ionic model of aqueous solutions has changed permanently the face of inorganic chemistry. 

Huizenga, J. R., Grieger, P. F. Wall, F. T. (1950a). Electrolytic properties of aqueous solutions of polyacrylic add and sodium hydroxide. I. Transference experiments using radioactive sodium. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 72, 2636-42. 

Yokoyama, S. and Nakagaki, M. (1993) Effect of double bond on the surface properties of aqueous solutions of eicosapolyenoic acids. Colloid and Polymer Science, 271 (5), 512-518. 

In studying the properties of solutions of substances such as HC1 and HN03, Arrhenius was led to the idea that the acidic properties of the compounds were due to the presence of an ion that we now write as H30+ in the solutions. He therefore proposed that an acid is a substance whose water solution contains H30+. The properties of aqueous solutions of acids are the properties of the H30+ ion, a solvated proton (hydrogen ion) that is known as the hydronium ion in much of the older chemical literature but also referred to as the oxonium ion. 

Tomasic V, Chittofrati A, Kallay N (1995) Thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions of perfluorinated ionic surfactants. Colloids and Surfaces, Physicochemical and Engeneering Aspects 104 95-99... 

Petrov NK, Ivanov DA, Golubkov DV, Gromov SP, Alfimov MV (2009) The effect of cucurbit[7]uril on photophysical properties of aqueous solution of 3,3 -diethylthiacarbocya-nine iodide dye. Chem Phys Lett 480 96-99... 

Essentially all of the engineering thermodynamic correlations used in pollution control models and synthesis gas phase equilibria, chemical equilibria, and enthalpy calculation schemes have their foundations in fundamental theory. Experimental data, in addition to being directly useful to designers, allows the correlation developer to assess the validity and suitability of his model. Included within the third section (Properties of Aqueous Solutions—Theory, Experiment, and Prediction) are chapters providing both comprehensive reviews and detailed descriptions of specific areas of concern in the theory and properties of aqueous solutions. 

Current Status of Experimental Knowledge of Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Solutions... 

The list of 145 references at the end of this chapter has been collected to help those looking for numerical values of thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions for industrial applications. The emphasis has been primarily on items published since 1964, although a few older ones of special utility have been included. 

The second group of citations identifies compilations of numerical data. Additional specialized tables can also be found in some of the references listed in the third and fourth groups. References (13) and (14) are the last two volumes of a four volume compilation of properties of mixtures prepared by J. Timmermans. They contain a large compilation of various properties of aqueous solutions collected from all the previous literature. They are neither complete nor selective, however. 

Franck, E. U. "Selected Properties of Aqueous Solutions at High Temperatures and Pressures" 8th International Conference on the Properties of Water and Steam, 1974. 

Other thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions are being evaluated. A recent publication reports values calculated for the association constants of aqueous ionic species at 298 K for alkaline earth salts (Staples, 1978). 

The PVT properties of aqueous solutions can be determined by direct measurements or estimated using various models for the ionic interactions that occur in electrolyte solutions. In this paper a review will be made of the methods presently being used to determine the density and compressibility of electrolyte solutions. A brief review of high-pressure equations of state used to represent the experimental PVT properties will also be made. Simple additivity methods of estimating the density of mixed electrolyte solutions like seawater and geothermal brines will be presented. The predicted PVT properties for a number of mixed electrolyte solutions are found to be in good agreement with direct measurements. 

To determine A<. it is necessary to use an equation of state to express the PVT properties. We have selected a second degree secant bulk modulus to represent the PVT properties of aqueous solutions (84)... 

Jones, W.J. and Speakman, J.B. Some physical properties of aqueous solutions of certain pyridine bases, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 43 1867-1870, 1921. 

Weast RC (ed) (1983) Concentrative properties of aqueous solutions conversion tables. In CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, p D223... 

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