Properties and price

Table 1. Properties and Prices of Branched-Chain Acids...

Whether the product is a new model of an established commodity or a completely new development, a list can be made of the properties the material or group of materials to be employed must possess, and of those that are also most desirable. By reference to the relevant material properties and prices, an analysis can be made to determine the plastic most likely to be suitable from all requirements. 

What products are currently serving this market, what are their properties and prices, what are their strong and weak points ... 

Ingredients. The primary materials used in the manufacture of bar soaps are natural fats and oils. The performance and physical properties of soap bars can be varied by altering the blend of fats and oils used to make the neat soap. The most common materials used are top-quality animal tallows and coconut oil with blends ranging from 50% to 85% tallow. Generally it is found dial bars containing higher proportions of coconut soap are physically harder, more brittle, lather more, and are more expensive to produce due to the higher cost of coconut oil. It is therefore common practice to vary the blend of tallows and coconut oil to meet the desired properties and price of each product. 

Blends of polymers are manufactured and applied at an increasing scale. Only in exceptional cases are polymers soluble in each other and can form a homogeneous blend (an example PPE + PS, a blend known as Noryl ). In most cases blends are, therefore, dispersions. Rubber particles are dispersed in brittle polymers to improve their impact strength (toughened PS and PP, ABS etc.), but also hard polymers are combined to reach a favourable compromise between properties (and price). 

PLA properties and price can be changed by combining PLA with other biocompatible polymers, fillers, or reinforcements [111, 112]. 

In the case of building textiles - as in other technical textile applications - a detailed specification sheet must be drawn up and a selection made from a variety of materials, properties and prices. The relevant properties are ... 

Plastics are working materials, and so compete with other working materials such as metals, concrete, wood, leather, etc. The choice of working material for a given purpose is made on the basis of three criteria required properties, processing possibilities, and price with respect to properties and processability. The prices, properties, and price per unit property for typical working materials are compared in Table 36-2. 

Table 2.1 Properties and Prices of Some Pipe Polymers...

Table 4.84. Selected properties and prices of major ferrochrome grades...

There are several kinds of glass used to produce fibres and a few examples are presented in Table 5.1 their variety is large and potential users should always verify their actual availability, properties and prices. The fibres are produced in various forms ... 

Rubbers are often blended with one another, or copolymerized with another in the polymerization stage. The blends are expected to have better properties and price than, the individual components hence giving technical and economic advantage. For example, the addition of small amounts of a selected synthetic rubber to another may improve such properties as oil and ozone resistance, or improve processing behavior. 

A chemical formula denotes the composition of the substance. A molecular formula shows the exact number of atoms of each element in a molecule. In our discussion of molecules, each example was given with its molecular formula in parentheses. Thus, H2 is the molecular formula for hydrogen. Oi is that for oxygen. O3 is that for ozone, and H2O is that of water. The subscript numeral indicates the number of atoms of an element present. There is no subscript for O in H2O because there is only one atom of oxygen in a molecule of water. The number one is never used as a subscript in a chemical formula. Oxygen (O2) and ozone (O3) are allotropes of oxygen. An allotrope is one of two or more distinct forms of an element. Two of the allotropic forms of the element carbon—diamond and graphite—have dramatically different properties (and prices). 

Polyester has the right combination of physical properties and price to allow it to be the highest volume textile reinforcement material used in the rubber industry. 

Table 7 Comparison of some properties and prices of biodegradable polymers and synthetic plastics [77].

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