Price properties

The properties are close to those of polyethylenes, with some differences due to the tertiary carbon linked to the backbone good mechanical properties at ambient temperature, low price, attractive price/property ratios, easy processing, chemical inertness, we absorption of water, low density, good electrical insulation even in wet media, feasibility of welding, versatility of processing methods, broad range of available melt flow rates (MFR). 

PP/PA alloys are appreciated for their good mechanical properties, toughness, broad range of moduli, attractive price/property ratios, good low-temperature properties for suitable... 

ABS/PVC alloys are appreciated for their inherent flame resistance, but beware of toxic and corrosive fumes good impact resistance resistance to certain chemicals good UV resistance of suitable grades fair mechanical properties attractive price/property ratios fair dimensional stability easier processing than PVC weak absorption of water good electrical insulation even in wet environments, feasibility of welding. 

Plastics are working materials, and so compete with other working materials such as metals, concrete, wood, leather, etc. The choice of working material for a given purpose is made on the basis of three criteria required properties, processing possibilities, and price with respect to properties and processability. The prices, properties, and price per unit property for typical working materials are compared in Table 36-2. 

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (often used with ABS) High price/property ratio High flame retardancy Can be blended with ABS to form sheets used for making skin of IP covers, though TPO can be an equally good alternative. [62]... 

Overall Physical and Chemical Properties of Crude Oils Related to Transport, Storage And Price... 

Specific gravity is important commercially because the crude oil price depends partly on this property. The specific gravity is expressed most often in degrees API (see Chapters 1 and 4). 

Sonochemistry is also proving to have important applications with polymeric materials. Substantial work has been accomplished in the sonochemical initiation of polymerisation and in the modification of polymers after synthesis (3,5). The use of sonolysis to create radicals which function as radical initiators has been well explored. Similarly the use of sonochemicaHy prepared radicals and other reactive species to modify the surface properties of polymers is being developed, particularly by G. Price. Other effects of ultrasound on long chain polymers tend to be mechanical cleavage, which produces relatively uniform size distributions of shorter chain lengths. 

The intrinsic properties may be modified by substitution (31). Ba can be fuUy replaced by Sr or Pb and partly by Ca (<40 mol %). CaM, stabilized with 0.03 mol % La202, is also possible. The intrinsic properties of these M-ferrites vary somewhat and other factors such as sintering behavior and price of raw materials often dictate the commercial viabiUty. Large-scale production is concentrated on BaM and SrM. High quaUty magnets are generally based on SrM, and somewhat lower priced magnets are based on BaM. 

AH markets, except paper, have been adversely affected by the downturn in the automotive and constmction industries in the early 1990s. Most large-volume fillers are sufficiently diversified so that their growth trends foUow GNP. There are some exceptions. Table 4 gives 1992 price information on specific fillers, including some physical properties and manufacturing processes. 

Because of its excekent combination of properties, processibkity, and relatively low price compared to other fluoropolymers, PVDF has become the largest volume fluoropolymer after PTFE consumption in the United States has grown from zero in 1960 to about 6200 metric tons in 1991 (186). About 49% of the consumed volume is PVDF modified by copolymerization with 5—12-wt % HFP to enhance flexibkity. In 1992, Hst price for homopolymer powders was 15.32/kg, and for pekets 15.42/kg the reported market price was 14.09—14.22/kg (187). In the United States, almost ak PVDF is suppHed by Ausimont USA, Inc., Elf Atochem North America, Inc., and Solvay Polymers, Inc. Ausimont and Elf Atochem are producers Solvay is an importer of the resin. Smak amounts of resin are imported from Germany by Huls America, Inc, and from Japan by Kureha Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. PVDE producers and their trademarks are Hsted in Table 4. 

The light weight of these products reduces user s shipping costs and conserves energy in transportation. These products are reusable, a key property from economic, ecological, and energy conservation standpoints. Most products are available in bulk densities of 4.0 to 4.8 kg/m (0.25 to 0.30 lb/fT). Average price is about 1.50 per pound from the manufacturer. 

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